Selected Papers
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2023, Article ID 8864216, 14 pages, 2023.
Intelligent Integrated Approach for Voltage Balancing Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Predictive Models.
Abstract: In this paper, an intelligent integrated approach is proposed to control the reactive power and restore the voltage balance in a three-phase power system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gaussian Processes Regression (GPR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The PSO algorithm is used in offline mode to determine the optimal set of firing angles for the Thyristor-Controlled-Reactor (TCR) compensator according to the smallest fitness value required for voltage balancing. The optimum firing angles are then used to train the GPR and SVM regression models. The GPR and SVM models are finally used as a real-time controller to retrieve the voltage balance in online mode. A simulation model and experimental set-up of the electrical power system are built. The modeled system consists of a 500 km long transmission line. The line is divided into three-pi sections to guarantee a real system response. Several simulation and practical case studies have been conducted to test and validate the capability of the proposed integrated approach in solving the voltage unbalance problem. The results have revealed the supreme ability of the proposed integrated approach to restore the voltage balance quickly (within 20 ms) and for a wide range of Voltage Unbalance Factors (VUFs) (3.90 -8.42%).
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol.13, No.1, 2022.
Dana Ragab , Jasim A. Ghaeb
Implementation of reactive compensator for voltage balancing using AI based models and novel performance index.
Abstract: Voltage-unbalance is one of the power quality deficiencies that degrades electrical power systems performance. In this work, voltage unbalance problem is tackled through two stages; evaluation using a novel performance index and mitigation using a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) compensator with artificial intelligent (AI) based models. Unlike standard performance indices that rely on voltages' root mean square (RMS) values, the proposed index depends on the space vector (SV) signal amplitude for voltage unbalance evaluation. This signal depends on the instantaneous values of the three-phase voltages and has twice the system frequency. Therefore, the proposed index entitled as space vector unbalance factor (SVUF) reflects the amount of voltage unbalance and reduces the time necessary for evaluation by half. Subsequently, advanced models based on several algorithms are proposed to generate the required firing angles for TCR compensator to restore voltage balance, including radial basis functions networks (RBFNs), hybrid-RBFNs (H-RBFNs), polynomials (PNs), and simplified neural networks (NNs). Models' structure, prediction capability, and response time are analyzed. Results show that the time required for voltage unbalance mitigation is reduced. Moreover, the models used to generate the firing angles are simplified significantly while maintaining high accuracy.
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Electric Power Components and Systems, Taylor Francis,
Vol. 47, Issue. 6-7, Dec. 2021
Jasim A. Ghaeb, Malek Alkayyali Tarek A. Tutunji
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
Wide Range Reactive Power Compensation for Voltage Unbalance Mitigation in Electrical Power Systems
Abstract: In this work, a wide range of reactive power compensation is achieved for voltage unbalance mitigation in 500km electrical power systems. An Optimal Control Technique (OCT) is proposed to encompass the unbalance load changes at a wide range of Voltage Unbalance Factor (VUF), between 3.33% and 12.4601%, and to minimize it to an acceptable value (at average less than 2%). The technique uses a combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in three stages. In the first stage, the PSO finds the optimal firing angles of the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the optimal number of bank capacitors for the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) to restore the voltage balance. In the second stage, the voltage unbalance evaluations obtained by the PSO algorithm are used to train the ANN. In the third stage, the ANN is connected to the system to control and overcome the voltage unbalance problem accurately and quickly. Results are compared with other techniques available in the literature to confirm the superiority of the OCT performance. Furthermore, a laboratory model for the electrical power system is built and the proposed OCT for real voltage unbalance mitigation is validated.
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International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol.12, No.4, 2021.
Ibrahim I. Al-Naimi, Jasim A. Ghaeb, Mohammed J. Baniyounis, Mustafa Al-Khawaldeh
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
Fast Detection Technique for Voltage Unbalance in Three-Phase Power System
Abstract: In this paper, the problem of voltage unbalance in the three-phase power systems is examined. A Fast Detection Technique (FDT) is proposed to detect the voltage unbalance precisely and speedily. The well-known detection methods require more than one cycle time to detect the unbalanced voltages, whereas the proposed technique detects the unbalanced situations speedily in a discrete manner. Reducing the time duration required to detect the unbalanced voltages will enhance the dynamic response of the control system used to balance these voltages. The FDT acquires the instantaneous values of the three load voltages, calculates the sum and the space vector for these voltages at each sample, and utilizes these parameters to detect the voltage unbalance accurately within a quarter of the cycle time. A proof-of-concept simulation model for a real power system has been built. The parameters of the Aqaba-Qatrana-South Amman (AQSA) Jordanian power system are considered in the simulation model. Also, several test cases have been conducted to test and validate the capabilities of the proposed technique.
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IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals Devices, March 22-25, 2021,
Monastir, Tunisia
An Optimization Technique for Voltage Regulation in Electrical Power Systems
Jasim Ghaeb, Malek Alkayyali
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract—In this work, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is proposed to determine the optimal firing angles of the Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR) to regulate the voltage of the electrical power system. A 500 km-length electrical power system is considered. The transmission line is modeled by three pi-section networks each represents a distance of 500/3 km. The mathematical model of the electrical power system is derived and used by the PSO algorithm to find the required TCR firing angles for voltage regulation. Different test cases have been conducted to assess and validate the proposed PSO technique capabilities. The results have revealed the ability of the proposed PSO technique to regulate the load voltage efficiently to average load voltage change equals 0.271%.
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IET Generation, Transmission Distribution,Vol.14, Issue.5, March 2020, p:863-872.
A Hybrid PSO-ANN Algorithm to Control TCR for Voltage Balancing
Malek Alkayyali, Jasim Ghaeb
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract: Voltage unbalance is one of the most important power quality issues which occurs in electrical power systems and causes severe problems for them. In this work, a general mathematical model for electrical power systems including its long transmission line is developed using the generalized circuit parameters method. Then, a hybrid PSO-ANN algorithm is proposed to overcome the voltage unbalance power quality problem by controlling the firing angles of TCR compensator in order to control the amount of reactive power at the load side. PSO algorithm is responsible for determining the optimal set of TCR firing angles required to retrieve the balanced conditions in offline mode for different load changes, employing the developed mathematical model of the long transmission line. Then, these datasets are taken as training samples for the ANN in order to be used in online mode. Aqaba Qatranah South-Amman (AQSA) electrical power system is considered as a real case study and simulated in MATLAB environment in order to validate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results are compared with other ANN algorithms available in literature. Finally, a laboratory prototype is built for AQSA electrical power system including its long transmission line in order to test the proposed hybrid PSO-ANN algorithm for real unbalanced conditions acquired from the laboratory prototype by means of a real-time monitoring system.
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International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, Wiley, Vol. 29, Issue. 12. 2019.
Enhancing the response of thyristor‐controlled reactorusing neural network.
Dana M Ragab, Jasim A Ghaeb, , Ibrahim Al-Naimi
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
Summary: In this paper, a neural network controller is proposed to retrieve the voltagebalancing conditions in three‐phase power systems. The neural network is suggestedto calculate the required set of firing angles for the thyristor‐controlledreactor accurately to balance the three‐load voltages quickly. The proposedcontroller is fed by different parameters within different feeding techniques,namely, root mean square (RMS) values of the three load voltages, RMS valueof the space vector signal calculated from the three load voltages, and the RMSvalues of both the three load voltages and their associated space vector. Theintentions of the proposed techniques are to combine between reducing thenumber of measured parameters and providing the controller with qualitativedata about system status. The influence of the measured parameters on the neuralnetwork performance is examined by calculating the regression coefficientsthrough several test cases. Accordingly, only the effective parameters are utilizedto reduce the neural network complexity and to enhance the controller responsetime. Additionally, the calculations of the controller input parameters are madein terms of space vector cycle, which is half of system sinusoidal cycle.Consequently, the calculation time is reduced significantly. The Aqaba‐Qatrana‐South Amman power system is considered and modeled as a real casestudy. In addition, several test cases have been conducted to test and validatethe ability of the proposed neural network controller in retrieving the voltage balanceconditions precisely and quickly. The results have revealed the ability of theproposed neural network controller to calculate the firing angles quickly within10 milliseconds and achieve very low voltage unbalance factor.
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2016 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals Devices
Leipzig, Germany, March 21 - 24, 2016.
Sampled Data and Space Vector Technique for Static VAR Compensation
Jasim A. Ghaeb
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, P.O.Box 19392, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method named Sampled Data and Space Vector Technique (SDSV) to control the three-phase voltages subjected to load changes. The proposed SDSV uses the on record and measured three-phase voltages to obtain the reference space vector (SVr) and measured one (SVm), respectively at different samples. The two space vectors SVr and SVm are compared at regular samples of the system sinusoidal cycle, to generate an error. This error is employed to produce the new reactive power of compensator in a small period of time rather than waiting for a complete system sinusoidal cycle, thereby allowing a quick and an efficient Volt- Ampere Reactive (VAR) control for the three-phase load voltages.
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British Journal of Mathematics Computer Science
12(3): 1-13, 2016, Article no.BJMCS.20700
Individual Character Comparison Technique for Improving the Internal Memory Performance
Jasim A. Ghaeb
Faculty of Engineering, Philadelphia University, P.O.Box 19392, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract: The efficiency of the cache mapping technique depends on how the cache lines are organized and the way that is used to look for and hit the target cache line. In this paper, an efficient technique is proposed to obtain a significant improvement in average hit time of a line in the cache. The paper presents Distributive Comparison Approach (DCA) that significantly minimizes the hit time and improve cache hit ratio. The efficient of DCA is based on how the cache lines are compared and picked up the coveted one leading to a low cache hit ratio. In DCA, the cache line is assigned by multi tags where each individual tag is only one character. Then, instead of one line tag of complete characters per a comparison cycle, the comparator is flushed by multi tags of different lines in the cache. Also the cache lines that are come from the main memory classified into two groups; even and odd line's tags to reject the unwanted lines form the multi-tag comparison. These two procedures practically speed up the repelling of misfit tagged lines and consequently the hitting of the target line in the cache. Simulation results show that the DCA outperforms well-known mapping techniques including FAMT and SMT.
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British Journal of Applied Science Technology 17(5), 2016.
Influence of Sampling Period on Harmonics of Three- Phase Space Vector Modulated Inverter
J.A. Ghaeb*, Mustafa A. Al-Khawaldeh* and Saleh Al-Jazzar**
*Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Philadelphia, Amman, Jordan,
**Department of Elec. Engineering, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract: The three- phase inverter is driven by a number of semiconductor switches for obtaining threephaseoutput of nearly sinusoidal fundamental voltage. The purpose of the Space VectorModulation (SVM) technique is to produce three-phase load voltages of fewer harmonics. It can bereached by selecting an appropriate sampling period for the desired circular locus. This paperendeavors to present the influence of the sampling period on inverter output voltages and theirharmonics. Simulation results are presented to assess the inverter performance for different valuesof sampling periods. The results conclude that an optimum inverter output voltage is achievedwhen the given circular locus of space vector is sampled at a period equals the half intervalbetween of the two adjacent space vectors.
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Elsevier, Energy Conversion and Management 52 (2011) 3309- 3318
Progressive Decrement PWM Algorithm for Minimum Mean Square Error Inverter Output Voltage
J. A. Ghaeb, M. A. Smadi and M Ababneh*
The Hashemite University, Department of Electrical Engineering,
P.O.Box 150459, Zerqa 13115, Jordan. * Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering.
Abstract: The paper proposes two modulation techniques for the power inverter. These new techniques are named Progressive Decrement PWM Algorithm (PDPA) and Progressive Increment PWM Algorithm (PIPA). Both techniques take the determined original pulse-width of an inverter operation and split it to many pulses. In the PDPA technique, the largest width is given to the middle pulse and the width of the boundary pulses is reduced progressively starting from the first boundary-pulse toward the last boundary-pulse. In the PIPA technique, there is a gradual increment instead of decrement. The two techniques have been proved that it can maintain the original pulse-width of the inverter operation. The new approach PDPA extends the central pulse and shrinks the exterior pulses, leading to an inverter output cycle close to the sinusoidal form of fewer harmonic contents. Simulation results are performed to evaluate the performances of the proposed techniques: PDPA and PIPA and to compare them with the well known methods. The main contribution of the proposed PDPA technique is that it provides a better performance for the most harmonic orders compared to the well established sinusoidal PWM technique.
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Elsevier, Future Generation Computer Systems 27 (2011) 614- 619
A High Performance Data Integrity Assurance Based on Determinant Technique
J. A. Ghaeba, M. A. Smadia and J. Chebilb
aDept. of Electrical Engineering, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zerqa 13115, Jordan.
bECE Dep., International Islamic University, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract: Data integrity is an important aspect of storage and network security. The reality is that no security strategy is achieved without assuring the data integrity. Data assurance provides reliability which is prerequisite for most computer systems and network applications. This paper proposes a new technique for improving the detection of data integrity violations. The proposed technique is based on the Check Determinant Factor (CDF) in measuring the data integrity assurance. It involves appending of a Determinant Factor (DF) for each data matrix before storing or transmitting the series of data. This DF is recomputed at the retrieved stage to insure data integrity. Simulation results show that the new method outperforms the traditional methods such as Hamming code and RAID methods.
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Elsevier, Computer and security 28 (2009) 94-99
An Oblique-Matrix Technique for Data Integrity Assurance
J. A. Ghaeb, J. Chebil
The Hashemite University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
Abstract: Data integrity is insuring that the data retrieved is the same as the data stored or transmitted. It is an important aspect of storage security and reliability which are prerequisite for most computer system applications. This paper proposes a new technique for improving the detection of data integrity violations. The method is based on check determinant approach. Each block of data is arranged in a matrix form, and then into its corresponding oblique matrix. Because of the new arrangement in the block elements through the oblique matrix, a powerful error detection mechanism is obtained. Simulation results show that the new method outperforms the traditional techniques.
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Wiley, European Transactions on Electrical Power, Volume 20, Issue 6, Sept.2010.
High Performance Reactive Control for Unbalanced Three Phase Load.
Jasim. A. Ghaeb, Osama. M. Aloquili
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zerqa 13115, Jordan.
Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem of balancing a three-phase load and how to optimize the TCR operation. For an unbalanced load change a VAT technique is developed by the authors to determine the three compensating susceptance values and then the unsymmetrical firing angles of TCR, which are necessary for a balanced load operation. An objective function (THD) is determined to measure the discontinuity of the TCR operation. For an unbalanced load change, the availability of TSC and the control of TCR produce different values of reactive voltamperes, in which all produce the balanced operation but with different amounts of harmonics. The paper introduces and develops an iterative algorithm to obtain the optimum firing angle values of TCR, and this is based on minimum generation of harmonics. The results show that a modulated THD is achieved, and this approach guarantees the high performance reactive control for unbalanced three-phase load.