Research Title: Boosting Aircraft Efficiency by Reversing the Load on the Horizontal Stabilizer

Author: Mustafa Awwad Al Khawaldeh, Published Year: 2019

nternational Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), Volume-8

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: his work aims at finding how reversing the direction of THS force improves aircraft performance. In most airplanes, the trimmable horizontal stabilizer (THS) is subjected to downward air force. This downward force acts in the same direction as the weight and opposite to the lift. The produced extra lift can be used to increase the payload orextend the range of the aircraft by carrying more fuel.The proposed design is based on shifting the wings location forward in order to make the force on the THS upward instead of downward. However, the stability of the airplane will be adversely affected. To address this issue, modern control theory is applied to the airplane elevator so as to maintain longitudinal stability. An airplane model based on longitudinal dynamics was used to investigate the stability of the airplane. Both current and proposed designs are simulated first without controllers and then with active controllers. The longitudinal dynamics’ equations are used to design the controllers so as to make the aircraft stable. The payload gain due to the proposed design is calculated; For a typical airliner, it is found that up to 21% increase in payload can be achieved using the proposed design. The proposed design where the load on the THS becomes upward instead of downward results in improving flight efficiency; that is, we can choose betweenincreasing payload, extending the range, reducing the thrust, or using a smaller wing, or any combination of these benefits. In all these cases, there is an operational advantage. This advantage is translated to cost savings or higher revenues.

Keywords: Aircraft control and stability, Aircraft fuel saving, Aircraft payload, Aircraft, Trimmable horizontal stabilizer

Research Title: The negative sociocultural impacts of tourism on Bedouin communities of Petra, Jordan

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2019

e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), , 16

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Tourism impacts on destinations have been widely researched; however, few studies have investigated the sociocultural impacts of tourism on local communities in Jordan. The aim of this paper is to explore the negative impacts of tourism development on the local culture of Bedouins of Petra in Jordan. The paper employed qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews with (18) Bedouin employees in the tourism services in the region of Petra. The authors adopted the Social Exchange Theory (SET) to explain the behaviour and attitudes of Bedouins towards tourism development in Petra. The study showed that the Bedouins of Petra had witnessed significant negative impacts in terms of negative sociocultural changes; school dropouts and child labour; and alteration of sociocultural values. To interrogate some of the fundamental consequences of tourism development for the Bedouins, the researchers emphasise that strategic plans are needed to facilitate the sustainable development of tourism for the future.

Keywords: Sociocultural impacts, Indigenous communities, Social Exchange Theory, Sustainability, Bedouins, Petra, Jordan.

Research Title: Halal food and Muslim tourists/ Book Chapter The Routledge Handbook of Gastronomic Tourism

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2019

The Routledge Handbook of Gastronomic Tourism, 5

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Food is one of the physiological needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow, 1943). It became a popular topic in tourism research. Food is culture, experience and is part of agritourism. Food tourism is a market segment, which entails that tourists visiting places where food and beverages are the main purpose of visit. Food is one of the motives that pulls tourists to visit certain destinations. Gastronomy comes from two Greek words ‘gastros’, which means stomach and ‘gnomos’ that means knowledge (Guzel and Apaydin, 2016). Smith and Castello (2009) identified gastronomic or food tourists as couples, highly educated, spend generously, stay lengthy in hotels. Their main motives to travel include relaxation and enjoyment. Muslim tourists are customers who seek certain services that are not available everywhere to satisfy their needs and wants when travelling to different destinations. Accordingly, they are motivated to visit certain destinations, using certain transport, staying at certain accommodations, or eating at certain restaurants that are delivering food and beverages according to Islamic norms. Muslims are obliged by their religion to seek Halal products and services. Halal food is of high potential especially to customers who are seeking Halal products and services such as Muslims. Halal tourism then is Muslim tourists travel to any destination that deliver Islamic friendly products and services. The aim of this chapter is to build a better understanding of the concepts of Halal tourism and Halal food as associated mainly with Muslim culture and Muslim tourists.

Keywords: Halal tourism, Halal food, Islamic destinations, Muslim tourists, Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Research Title: Simulation-based Assessment of Quadrotor Linear Control Schemes

Author: Mustafa Awwad Al Khawaldeh, Published Year: 2019

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: This work aims at finding the most suited control scheme for a typical quad-rotor. Selecting the appropriate controller is essential to achieve system stability.The most common control schemes are compared in terms of their performance in hovering mode. The quad-rotor propellers are modeled based onbothmomentum theory andblade element theory. The model describing the six-degrees of freedom system is used to develop a control strategy using different types of controllers such as PID, Fuzzy, Optimal, LQ), as well as LQRcontroller. The current work is confined to linear control schemes in hovering flight mode, where the comparison is based on achieving stable attitude in hovering. The simulation results show that the LQR controller is the most efficient control method to minimize the steady-state error.

Keywords: Modeling and simulation, quad-rotor control, fuzzy-PID logic, LQR control

Research Title: Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2019

Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1759-0833

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a better understanding of the concept of Halal tourism as expressed by Muslim Jordanian tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. The study also examines Jordan as a Halal tourism destination as perceived by those tourists. Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination are among the research questions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is empirical and quantitative in nature with a survey type. The sample of the study is Muslim Jordanians in the cities of Amman and Irbid. Respondents were chosen randomly in shopping malls, gardens and public places. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to collect the data for the research and 920 questionnaires were returned. The data were analysed using descriptive and reliability and explanatory factor analysis in addition to certain tests such as one sample t test and two samples chi-square tests. Findings – Halal tourism in Jordan is established but needs more enhancements and promotion. Jordan was evaluated positively in 14 Halal services and was unsuccessful in ten others. The motives for Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law, to travel to Halal destinations were destinations that offer Halal-friendly services; to know Islamic religious sites; and to learn about Islamic history. Jordanian tourists were knowledgeable of local and international Halal destinations (78.2 and 67%, respectively). More than half of the sample experienced Halal destinations in Jordan and only 26.4

Keywords: Jordan, Islamic marketing, Muslim tourists, Halal tourism, Islamic destinations, Islamic motivated travel

Research Title: Influence of Sampling Period on Harmonics of Three- Phase Space Vector Modulated Inverter

Author: Mustafa Awwad Al Khawaldeh, Published Year: 2016

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology(British Journal of Applied Science & Technology), 17

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: The three- phase inverter is driven by a number of semiconductor switches for obtaining three-phase output of nearly sinusoidal fundamental voltage. The purpose of the Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique is to produce three-phase load voltages of fewer harmonics. It can be reached by selecting an appropriate sampling period for the desired circular locus. This paper endeavors to present the influence of the sampling period on inverter output voltages and their harmonics. Simulation results are presented to assess the inverter performance for different values of sampling periods. The results conclude that an optimum inverter output voltage is achieved when the given circular locus of space vector is sampled at a period equals the half interval between of the two adjacent space vectors.

Keywords: Inverters; PWM inverter; SVM inverter; power electronics.

Research Title: Understanding Muslim Woman Travel Behaviour: Theoretical Perspective

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2019

Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica , 15 (6), 9

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Abstract: There is dearth in research about woman and tourism from an Islamic perspective. Previous research explored Islam and tourism and shed light on different types of tourism such as Islamic and Halal tourism (Kamali 2012; Akyol and Kilinc 2014; Aziz et al., 2016; Harahsheh et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the debate about the position of Islam regarding tourism is common (Jaafari and Scott 2014). Some scholars stated that Islam and tourism are contradictory, and tourism was described as a religious spiritual process that only aims to visit the holy places in Makkah and Madinah and Al -Aqsa Mosque. However, other scholars clarified that Islam is expansive in its meanings and interpretations. Accordingly, these scholars provided a different proof that tourism and Islam are not opposing. In contrast, Islam promotes travel and tourism (Saghayi and AbdarEsfahani 2016). They proofed their position by the saying of God: “Travel through the land and observe how He began creation. Then Allah will produce the final creation. Indeed Allah, over all things, is competent” (Holy Quran: Surat Al Ankabut 20). Nevertheless, research regarding Muslim women and tourism in Islam or how these women are perceived and viewed by Islam is almost scarce. Thus, the aim of this research is to clarify how woman and tourism are perceived from an Islamic point of view. The study adopted a conceptual research design to build better understanding of a Muslim woman travel behaviour. The paper answers the question why a Muslim woman cannot perform tourism independently? There is huge chunk of data and debate from different point of views. Accordingly, this paper explores how sociocultural and religious factors may or may not influence Muslim women and decision to travel. Thus, the focus is on religion and particularly Islam and its influence on shaping Muslim woman’s ability to travel and visiting tourism destinations. In addition, the paper will contribute potential Halal destinations in organising Halal package tours for Muslim women. Other issues in Islam that touch the behaviour of Muslim women include woman’s employment, particularly in the tourism industry.

Keywords: Religion, Islam, tourism, women travel and employment, Halal tourism

Research Title: Performance-Weight Trade for Thermal Management Systems of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author: Mustafa Awwad Al Khawaldeh, Published Year: 2018

JJEE Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering, Volume 4, Number 4,

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: The most important factor limiting the efficiency of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is their thermal performance. Therefore, the analysis of battery thermal management (BTM) of this type of batteries is of a great interest. This work aims at evaluating the effectiveness of different types of passive and active BTM systems. The electro-thermal behavior of the battery pack is characterized using 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling. The heat generation rate of battery cells during utilization is determined, so that the thermal behavior of the battery pack can be evaluated. The different BTM solutions are evaluated to determine the improvements in the pack thermal behavior. For further improvements, a new mixture of phase-change materials (PCM) is proposed and simulated. The mixture contains 75% of hydrogel and 25% of paraffin wax (PW). The results show that the mixture enables reducing the weight of the BTM material while slightly reducing performance. The end result is reducing the operating cost of the system especially for aerospace applications due to the reduced weight, which is the most important factor. In addition, cooling can be enhanced by the wind.

Keywords: Hydrogel, Li-ion battery, PCM, paraffin wax, thermal management, weight reduction.

Research Title: Mechatronics Engineers’ Perception of Code Mixing: Philadelphia University and Hashemite University as a Case Study

Author: Mustafa Awwad Al Khawaldeh, Published Year: 2016

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 5

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: It has recently been widely recognized that code-switching is prevalent in Jordanians' daily conversation in various situations such as home, cafés, universities, restaurants and clubs. Abalhassan and Alshalawi (2000: 183) made a very related observation on code switching behavior among Arab speakers of English that “without exception, all respondents switched into English to some degree”. This could be referred to the increase number of technological advances and people travelling across countries for pleasure or for pursuing further education. In light of this observation, the crucial role of language in people's life, ambivalent attitudes towards code-switching (Akbar, 2007), the dearth of research in this area, such a present study is required to explore Jordanian university students’ and instructors’ perceptions of code-switching in their daily classroom conversation and its expected impact on their language proficiency. In particular, it investigates the factors leading them to code mix and their underlying attitudes towards its expected future impact on their language proficiency. To the best knowledge of the present researcher, this study is the first of its kind in Jordan. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire from 70 university students and 30 instructors from both Philadelphia University and the Hashemite University. Data revealed that code mixing between English and Arabic is a common phenomenon in lectures they have attended in their academic institutions. The participants also show that they find code mixing fascinating and believe that though code switching might have a positive impact on their learning as it helps them better understand the topic. The instructors revealed that code mixing fulfill a set of functions that serve the educational process.

Keywords: Arabic-English codeswitching, language attitude, bilingualism, language proficiency

Research Title: Hydrodynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Drug delivery in a model of the Human Ventricular system

Author: Shatha Ammourah, Published Year: 2004

ODE, 4

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: Hydrodynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Drug delivery in a model of the Human Ventricular system had been studied numerically.

Keywords: CSF, CFD, velocity vectors, drug