1
Research Title: The consequences of the Second Palestinian Intifada and its economic and social impact on the Palestinian people “2000-2005” - According to documentation from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
Author: Abdalla Ahmad Abdalla, Published Year: 2025
Faculty: Arts

Abstract: This study sheds light on the profound impacts of the Second Palestinian Intifada on the economic and social fabric of Palestinian society between 2000 and 2005. The study aims to quantify the Intifada’s effects across various units of the Palestinian community, by analyzing data from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics and evaluating the dynamics of the impacts. The analyzed result indicated that the crisis exacerbated an existing economic crisis, resulting in deteriorating living conditions characterized by increased poverty and unemployment rates in Palestine. Consequently, Palestinians endured a prolonged excruciating hardship, with household incomes plummeting and the number of individuals living below the poverty line skyrocketing to an unimaginable figure. Unemployment rates surged by more than 27% on average, further exacerbating the socioeconomic challenges faced by the Palestinian population.

Keywords: The second Intifada, Palestinian economy, economic impact, history of the Intifada, social impact, unemployment

2
Research Title: Synthesis, Anticancer Screening, and In Silico Evaluations of Thieno[2,3-c]pyridine Derivatives as Hsp90 Inhibitors
Author: Balakumar Chandrasekarn, Published Year: 2025
Pharmaceuticals, 18
Faculty: Pharmacy

Abstract: Background: Thieno[2,3-c]pyridines and their analogs are not well explored for their anticancer properties. Hence, our research aimed to establish the anticancer potential of thieno[2,3-c]pyridines through cell-based assays and in silico evaluations. Methods: Thieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives 6(a–k) were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. All the synthesized compounds were screened initially for their anticancer activity against MCF7 and T47D (breast cancer), HSC3 (head and neck cancer), and RKO (colorectal cancer) cell lines using MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were conducted using Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining for apoptosis assessment and PI staining for cell cycle analysis to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced cell viability. In silico molecular docking was accomplished for the synthesized compounds against the Hsp90 and determined pharmacokinetics properties. Results: From the screening assay, compounds 6a and 6i were identified as potential inhibitors and were further subjected to IC50 determination. The compound 6i showed potent inhibition against HSC3 (IC50 = 10.8 µM), T47D (IC50 = 11.7 µM), and RKO (IC50 = 12.4 µM) cell lines, all of which indicated a broad spectrum of anticancer activity. Notably, 6i was found to induce G2 phase arrest, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression. Molecular docking results indicated crucial molecular interactions of the synthesized ligands against the target Hsp90. Conclusion: The compound 6i induced cell death via mechanisms that are different from apoptosis. Thus, the synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives can be suitable lead compounds to be optimized to obtain potent anticancer agents through Hsp90 inhibition.

Keywords: Hsp90; anticancer agents; thieno[2,3-c]pyridines; cell cycle analysis; molecular docking; ADME prediction

3
Research Title: Qualitative study of the experiences of caring of children living with End Stage Renal Disease'
Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2025
EAPC World Congress, Finland
Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents substantial challenges to children's well-being, imposing deleterious effects on daily functioning both for the child and the family. Overall, much is yet unknown about the lived experience of children with ESRD, although the literature identifies them as a population at psycho-emotional risk. Aim/Research question or hypothesis This study aims to understand the illness/caring experience of Jordanian children with ESRD from the perspectives of the children, their parents, and the health professionals (HCPs.) involved in their care Methods This research employed a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data was collected from several pediatric units in two hospitals in Amman, Jordan Results Individual, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with four children with ESRD, eight mothers caring for a child with ESRD, four physicians, and five nurses who were involved in the care of children with ESRD. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis strategy. The data obtained from the interviews were organized and contextualized into three major themes that reflected the prevailing experiences of the study participants: (1) Challenges faced by children, including suffering because of the dialysis, nutritional restrictions, long stay at hospital, and deprivation from school (2) Challenges faced by mothers, including economic challenges, the effect on other siblings, and feelings of restriction (3) Difficulties that HCPs encounter include parents' reactions to initial diagnoses and children's deaths. Discussion Parents, children, and HCPs. experience challenges as a result of the child illness with end stage renal disease. A primary responsibility of health care providers is to consistently advocate for children and families with a child suffering from ESRD and to devise strategies for implementing tailored interventions to aid these families in handling their complicated circumstances.

Keywords: Children, End Stage Renal Disease, qualitative study, carers

4
Research Title: The experience of nursing students and faculty with online teaching pedagogy: a qualitative study
Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2025
Teaching and learning in Nursing , 20
Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Background: The worldwide shift towards online nursing education is rapidly growing. This transition requires more investigation to comprehend current situations and develop evidence-based approaches for online learning. Aim: To investigate the perspectives of nursing faculty and students regarding online education and to iden- tify any potential benefits it could provide to nursing education in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). Method: A qualitative explorative design was adopted whereby a purposive sample approach was utilized, and seven focus groups were conducted with undergraduate and graduate nursing students and nursing fac- ulty from two academic institutions. The derived data was analyzed using the theme analysis technique. Results: The study identifies three main themes: the potential of online teaching in nursing education, bene- fits of online education, and recommendations for successfully implementing online education in the Palesti- nian context. Conclusion: The study suggested that implementing online nursing education in the OPT context could be a significant advancement. However, it stresses the need for thorough planning and adequate resources to ensure its high quality and success in the OPT context.

Keywords: Nursing Education, Online Education, Pedagogy Qualitative Teaching

5
Research Title: Synthesis, Anticancer Screening, and In Silico Evaluations of Thieno[2,3-c]pyridine Derivatives as Hsp90 Inhibitors
Author: Mohammad Bayan, Published Year: 2025
Pharmaceuticals, 18
Faculty: Pharmacy

Abstract: Background: Thieno[2,3-c]pyridines and their analogs are not well explored for their anticancer properties. Hence, our research aimed to establish the anticancer potential of thieno[2,3-c]pyridines through cell-based assays and in silico evaluations. Methods: Thieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives 6(a–k) were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. All the synthesized compounds were screened initially for their anticancer activity against MCF7 and T47D (breast cancer), HSC3 (head and neck cancer), and RKO (colorectal cancer) cell lines using MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were conducted using Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining for apoptosis assessment and PI staining for cell cycle analysis to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced cell viability. In silico molecular docking was accomplished for the synthesized compounds against the Hsp90 and determined pharmacokinetics properties. Results: From the screening assay, compounds 6a and 6i were identified as potential inhibitors and were further subjected to IC50 determination. The compound 6i showed potent inhibition against HSC3 (IC50 = 10.8 µM), T47D (IC50 = 11.7 µM), and RKO (IC50 = 12.4 µM) cell lines, all of which indicated a broad spectrum of anticancer activity. Notably, 6i was found to induce G2 phase arrest, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression. Molecular docking results indicated crucial molecular interactions of the synthesized ligands against the target Hsp90. Conclusion: The compound 6i induced cell death via mechanisms that are different from apoptosis. Thus, the synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives can be suitable lead compounds to be optimized to obtain potent anticancer agents through Hsp90 inhibition.

Keywords: Hsp90; anticancer agents; thieno[2,3-c]pyridines; cell cycle analysis; molecular docking; ADME prediction

6
Research Title: Power system frequency control: instantaneous discrete testing for numerical relay using wavelet transform
Author: Akram Mohammed Al-mahrouk, Published Year: 2025
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, 23
Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: With today’s advanced technology and rapidly growing energy demands, the reliability of electrical power systems has reached an important level. With extensive monitoring and protection, system issues like voltage drops, power irregularities, and frequency variations can have destructive consequences on the power network. Therefore, as frequency relays play a critical role in protecting power generators and load equipment from power frequency shifts, relays have evolved from electromechanical to solid-state devices with ongoing optimization to handle integrated modern networks. Traditional numerical relays use Fourier transform to identify frequency changes, which necessitates numerous data samples and has limitations with transient waveform data. To address these challenges, this work proposes a new relay algorithm based on instantaneous discrete testing and wavelet transform for frequency analysis, aimed at enhancing relay performance. This new approach demonstrates promising advantages, including significant reductions in data sample requirements, compilation complexity, decision-making time, and improved handling of transient waveforms.

Keywords: frequency fault protection; multiresolution analysis; power system reliability; protective relaying; real-time digital simulator; wavelet transforms;

7
Research Title: The influence of sociodemographic characteristics and hospital type on patient satisfaction: an online survey
Author: Audi Naji Khaled Al Smadi, Published Year: 2025
British Journal of Healthcare Management, 31
Faculty: Business

Abstract: Background/Aims Patient satisfaction has received much attention from healthcare organisations as a key quality indicator and as part of a global trend towards patient‑centred care. Despite this, there has been a lack of research on the influence of sociodemographic factors and type of hospital on patient satisfaction, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors and hospital type on patient satisfaction in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online, structured survey was conducted in Jordan between 15 February 2023 and 20 April 2023. All adults living in Jordan who had accessed healthcare services within the previous 2 weeks, either as a patient or caregiver, were eligible to participate. The standard Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires-18 was used to measure patient satisfaction, with patients rating their satisfaction with items across seven domains. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results A total of 653 responses were obtained. The mean overall patient satisfaction score was 2.97 (±0.76), which was classified as neutral (neither satisfied nor dissatisfied). Significant differences were found between participants according to education level, area of residence, monthly salary, health insurance and age group. Significant differences were also found between participants who had attended a public vs private hospital. Multiple regression analysis indicated that area of residence, education level and hospital type were found to significantly influence patient satisfaction. Conclusions To improve patient satisfaction and the quality of healthcare services, organisations must pay more attention to sociodemographic factors such as age, education level, local area, monthly salary, hospital type and health insurance.

Keywords: Hospital; Jordan; Patient satisfaction; Private healthcare; Public healthcare; Sociodemographic

8
Research Title: Deep stochastic reinforcement learning-based energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles
Author: Ahmad Jobran Al-Mahasneh, Published Year: 2024
Energy Conversion and Management, 301
Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles offer a promising solution for sustainable and environment friendly transportation, but they necessitate efficient energy management strategies (EMSs) to optimize their fuel economy. However, designing an optimal leaning-based EMS becomes challenging in the presence of limited training data. This paper presents a deep stochastic reinforcement learning based approach to address this issue of epistemic uncertainty in a midsize fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. The approach introduces a deep REINFORCE framework with a deep neural network baseline and entropy regularization to develop a stochastic policy for EMS. The performance of the proposed approach is benchmarked against three EMSs: i) a state-of- art deep deterministic reinforcement learning technique called Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN), Power Follower Controller (PFC) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Using New York City cycle as a validation drive cycle, the deep REINFORCE approach improves fuel economy by 7.68%, 13.53%, and 10% compared to DDQN, PFC, and FLC, respectively. The deep REINFORCE approach improves fuel economy by 5.31 %,9.78 %, and 9.93 % compared to DDQN, PFC, and FLC, respectively under another validation cycle, Amman cycle. Moreover, the training results show that the proposed algorithm reduces training time by 38% compared to the DDQN approach. The proposed deep REINFORCE-based EMS shows superiority not only in terms of fuel economy, but also in terms of dealing with epistemic uncertainty.

Keywords: Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles, Energy Management Strategy, Fuel Economy Improvement, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Stochastic Reinforcement Learning

9
Research Title: Inspecting the efficiency of cryptocurrency markets: New evidence
Author: Mohammad Oqlah Al-Smadi, Published Year: 2024
Asian Economic and Financial Review, 14
Faculty: Business

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the market efficiency of cryptocurrencies, specifically at a weak level. The study focuses on six prominent cryptocurrencies selected based on their significant market capitalization: Bitcoin (BTC), Tether (USDT), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB-USD), Ripple (XRP-USD), and Cardano USD (ADA-USD). The analysis utilizes unit root, Ljung–Box, variance ratio, runs, and the Brock–Dechert–Scheinkman (BDS) tests to assess different aspects of market efficiency. The data spans from September 2017 to April 2023, encompassing a wide time frame to capture potential shifts in market behavior. The results of all the tests, except the BDS test, indicate that the tested cryptocurrencies' markets are inefficient. However, the BDS test yielded different results, suggesting that BTC and ETH exhibit market efficiency compared to the other cryptocurrencies. This discrepancy indicates that the BDS test may be capturing different aspects of the time series behavior. The practical implication is that investors and market participants should exercise caution and consider the varying levels of efficiency when making decisions regarding these cryptocurrencies. Also, investors should consider a range of factors, including technical and fundamental analyses, when making investment decisions in a dynamic and evolving market.

Keywords: Crypto currencies, Market efficiency, Random Walk hypotheses

10
Research Title: The Readiness of the Insurance Sector for Digital Transformation: An Empirical Evidence from Jordan
Author: Mohammad Oqlah Al-Smadi, Published Year: 2025
Insurance Markets and Companies, 16
Faculty: Business

Abstract: The significance of companies' readiness for digital transformation is becoming more widely recognized. This study, focusing on insurance companies in Jordan, aims to investigate the impact of organizational readiness on digital transformation. The study participants were staff members from various departments and administrative levels within the insurance companies, and the study population included all insurance companies in Jordan. This study uses convenience sampling to gather the required data by distributing an online questionnaire of 39 questions. A total of 245 valid responses were received and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results of the study prove that change valance positively influences digital transformation. The results also show that change efficacy, incorporating resource, IT, and cognitive readiness, positively affects digital transformation. Moreover, the results confirm that contextual factors incorporating cultural, strategic, and partnership readiness positively impact digital transformation. Further, employees' work experience moderates the relationships between organizational readiness constructs and digital transformation. These results indicate that the insurance companies in Jordan should implement a comprehensive approach that encompasses an organizational rehabilitation strategy.

Keywords: organizational readiness, digital transformation, insurance sector, Jordan.