Research Title: Production and Characterization of a Recombinant Camel Full Heavy Chain Antibody Against Human IgE

Author: Raida W. Khalil, Published Year: 2015

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Camel heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) have novel properties that render them useful in diagnosis and immunotherapy of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to produce recombinant camel HCAbs directed against a synthetic loop polypeptide that mimics the FcεRІ binding site on human IgE. A recombinant camel HCAb was purified and characterized after being cloned using One Shot TOP10 Escherichia coli, expressed in BL21 Star (DE3) E. coli. Out of nineteen successful clones only one named IgG211 was found to contain the IgG2 HCAb coding sequence in the correct orientation with 85% homology to camel IgG2. A 62kDa fusion protein was expressed in an insoluble form under Isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction. Probond purified fusion protein was localized by immunoblot using mouse anti camel antibody. The reactivity of recombinant camel IgG211 to its corresponding antigen using ELISA was 72.9% of the camel polyclonal IgG2. Thus, a successful production of a recombinant camel HCAb of the IgG2 isotype was achieved. Such achievement may contribute towards the application of the unique properties of camel HCAbs in the field of antibody-based therapy for the treatment of asthma and allergy.

Keywords: Camels, Antibodies, Immunoglobulin E, Escherichia coli, DNA, Recombinant protein, Antibody-based therapy.

Research Title: Enhancing the BER of MIMO-OFDM Systems for Speaker Verification

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2013

IEEE SSD'13, 10th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, Tunisia

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: In this work a new algorithm has been proposed to improve the wireless systems that are compatible with the current new technologies. Therefore, Denoise Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and Replace the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR); (DORP) has been modified. In DORP, wavelets techniques have been used to denoise the affected OFDM symbol by high PAPR values. After that and based on adaptive threshold method the local maxima and minima will be determined and replaced by the average of them and their surrounding neighbors. The algorithm mainly tackles and overcomes the effect of the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio problem that is found in OFDM systems, MIMO-OFDM combination has been developed to meet the rapidly increment in the users demand such as the ubiquitous transmission, imposing new multimedia applications and wireless services. A system performance investigation process will be accomplished based on both of numerical method and MATLAB simulation. Moreover, a comparison has been made to check the validity of our proposition either with our previously published work or with the literature. Although, the achieved results show that the proposed work gives an improvement of the BER; an additional complexity has been added to transceiver’s structure. Moreover, and as a result to the comparison with the conventional systems, the bit error rate (BER) performance has been improved for the same bandwidth occupancy. As a validity process a comparison has been made with the current values found in the literature and we have achieved around 27% PAPR extra reduction. That is in addition to around 81% verification rate and noise immunity

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, wavelet, Eigen vectors component.

Research Title: Speaker Verification over MIMO-OFDM Systems based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2012

International Journal of Computer and Communications, 6

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: In this work, an enhancement of a previously published work that tackles the use of automatic speaker verification (ASV) techniques in the Beyond Third generation (B3G) cellular systems has been proposed. The new proposition has been studied to overcome the effect of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which is a vital problem that found in the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques, where a powerful combination between two main technologies; Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and OFDM has been developed to meet the rapidly increment in the users demand such as the ubiquitous transmission, imposing new multimedia applications and wireless services. The work space has been divided into three main areas; firstly, reducing the ASV complexity by selecting the weight of the text independent speakers based on Self-Organizing Map (WSOM) Neural Network (NNT), secondly, using the Eigen values/vector extracting features techniques as a pre-processing one to enhance the orthogonality, and finally proposing a new algorithm to combat the effect of the PAPR in the MIMO-OFDM systems. In this algorithm, wavelets techniques have been used to Denoise the affected OFDM symbol by high PAPR values. After that and based on adaptive threshold method the local maxima and minima will be determined and replaced by the average of them and their surrounding neighbors; Denoise OFDM and Replace PAPR (DORP). A system performance investigation process will be accomplished based on both of numerical method and MATLAB simulation. Moreover, a comparison has been made to check the validity of our proposition with our previously published work. Although, the achieved results show that the proposed work has lower PAPR values; an additional complexity has been added to transceiver’s structure. Moreover, and as a result to the comparison with the conventional systems, the bit error rate (BER) performance has been improved for the same bandwidth occupancy. Our simulation results showed that around 28% extra reduction in PAPR over current values in the literature, it can be achieved depending on the system type. Moreover, two different investigation and verifications techniques have been used in this work; Gaussian mixture model based method (GMMWPE) and K-Means clustering based method (KMWPE). A promising verifications result has been showed for verifications rate; around 91% and for noise immunity.

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, Self-Organizing map, Wavelet, Eigen vectors.

Research Title: MIMO-OFDM Systems Performance Enhancement Based Peaks Detection Algorithm

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2013

International Journal of interactive Mobile Technologies, 7

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: This work proposes a new algorithm to enhance the performance of the speaker verification over the communication systems based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. The algorithm mainly tackles and overcomes the effect of the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio problem that is found in OFDM systems, MIMO-OFDM combination has been developed to meet the rapidly increment in the users demand such as the ubiquitous transmission, imposing new multimedia applications and wireless services. In this algorithm, wavelets techniques have been used to denoise the affected OFDM symbol by high PAPR values. After that and based on adaptive threshold method the local maxima and minima will be determined and replaced by the average of them and their surrounding neighbors; Denoise OFDM and Replace PAPR (DORP). A system performance investigation process will be accomplished based on both of numerical method and MATLAB simulation. Moreover, a comparison has been made to check the validity of our proposition either with our previously published work or with the literature. Although, the achieved results show that the proposed work has lower PAPR values; an additional complexity has been added to transceiver’s structure. Moreover, and as a result to the comparison with the conventional systems, the bit error rate (BER) performance has been improved for the same bandwidth occupancy. As a validity process a comparison has been made with the current values found in the literature and we have achieved around 30% PAPR extra reduction. That is in addition to around 90% verification rate and noise immunity.

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,wavelet, Eigen vectors component.

Research Title: PEAK DETECTION USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2014

International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 6

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: A new work based-wavelet transform is designed to overcome one of the main drawbacks that found in the present new technologies. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)is proposed in the literature to enhance the multimedia resolution. However, the high peak power (PAPR) values will obstruct such achievements. Therefore, a new proposition is found in this work, making use of the wavelet transforms methods, and it is divided into three main stages; de-noising stage, thresholding stage and then the replacement stage. In order to check the system stages validity; a mathematical model has been built and its checked after using a MATLAB simulation. A simulated bit error rate (BER) achievement will be compared with our previously published work, where an enhancement from 8×10^-1 to be 5×10^-1 is achieved. Moreover, these results will be compared to the work found in the literature, where we have accomplished around 27% PAPR extra reduction. As a result, the BER performance has been improved for the same bandwidth occupancy. Moreover and due to the de-noise stage, the verification rate has been improved to reach 81%. This is in addition to the noise immunity enhancement.

Keywords: MIMO-OFDM, PAPR, wavelet- eigen vector, de-noising

Research Title: Enhancing DVBH BER Based OFDM Systems

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2015

Journal of Communications technology and Electronics, © Pleiades Publishing, Vol. 60, No. 8

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: Due to the need for enhancing the wireless systems performance, a new technique, and over the last decades, has been imposed to such systems, namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). In order to overcome one of the main OFDM drawbacks a new proposal has been investigated, which could limit the usage of such system in the nonlinear devices. Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem comes as a result of using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) stage, where the input 2N signals and after the process could be added together in the same phase. In this algorithm some modifications have been made over a previously published, where the wavelet entropy understanding has been imposed to be the judge for the PAPR consideration. In the previous published work, when a wavelet technique was proposed to De-Noise OFDM symbols and Replace the high PAPR and named by DORP. This is attained by making use of an adaptive threshold to allocate the affected samples, which are amended according to the surrounding ones. In the Modified-DORP (M-DORP), the wavelet transform is used to reconstruct the affected OFDM symbol with PAPR based on their entropies. A MATLAB simulation has been made to verify and validate the numerical model that is derived to investigate the systems performance. Furthermore, the achieved results were compared to either our previously published work or to the work that found in the literature. However, the simulation results show BER systems improvement under the same systems’ conditions, an additional transceivers complexity has been added. This will leave a space for further improvement in future. Furthermore, the M-DORP gives a noise immunity and verification rate up to 85%

Keywords: OFDM, high peak power, wavelet, entropy

Research Title: PAPR reduction based on entropy wavelet transform for Sniffer Mobile Robot

Author: Qadri Jamal Al-Hamarsheh, Published Year: 2014

International Journal of Electronics and Communications- AEÜ, 68

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Abstract: In this paper, the performance of wireless systems has been improved based on a proposition of a new peak detection algorithm based on the entropy of the wavelet transforms [1] and to be imposed to the Sniffer Mobile Robot (SNFRbot). This enhancement has been compared with a previously published work that uses a predistortion neural network (PDNN) architecture has been imposed to the SNFRbot. More-over, the proposed method in this work has been applied to combat the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system’s drawback; namely peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Generally, the proposed algorithm consists of three stages; firstly, reconstruction based on wavelet transform, secondly, predetermined thresholding, and thirdly, imposing moving filter. This algorithm is called Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)-OFDM system based entropy wavelet transform and to be imposed to SNFRbot work; SNFRbot-EWT. The performance of SNFRbot-EWT has been evaluated using a numerical analysis and a conducted simulation. The results have been compared with the our previously published work, SNFRbot-EWT gives an improvement reach to around 30% for the same bandwidth occupancy, which will reduce thecost and the complexity of the transceiver’s structure.

Keywords: MIMO-OFDM, SNFRbot-EWT, Wavelet, Entropy, PAPR

Research Title: Examining the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Banks' Performance, and Risk in Saudi Arabia

Author: Mohammad Oqlah Al-Smadi, Published Year: 2013

European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 59

Faculty: Business

Abstract: Corporate Governance has become one of the most important concerns in the business world. Although the corporate governance topic has been studied recently, the impact of corporate governance on banks' performance and risk is not clear yet, especially in developing countries. Using a panel data regression model on a sample of 11 banks listed in Saudi Stock Exchange for the fiscal year 2008 to 2013, this study examines the relationship between corporate governance and banks' performance and risk in Saudi Arabia. This study employed seven independent variables, which cover four conventional measures of corporate governance, and three measures of ownership structure. The main findings from the study are: board's size, ownership concentration and institutional ownership have a significant impact on bank's performance and risk, but committees of the board of directors have a significant impact only on bank's performance. The outcome of this study offers empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance on banks' performance and risk. This evidence provides beneficial information for supervising authorities, stakeholders and academics.

Keywords: Corporate governance, banking performance, banking risk, Saudi Arabia

Research Title: Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Banking: An Analysis of the Perspectives of Banks' Customers

Author: Mohammad Oqlah Al-Smadi, Published Year: 2012

International Journal of Business and Social Science, 13

Faculty: Business

Abstract: Electronic banking services are being used with increasing frequency in most countries, including Jordan. Although previous studies have confirmed the importance for such services for both banks and customers, the level of electronic banking services' adoption in Jordan is still low. This study aims to identify and understand factors that affect bank customers' use of electronic banking services. This study integrates technology acceptance model (TAM) with the theory of planned behavior model (TPB) and incorporates five cultural dimensions and perceived risk to propose a theoretical model. The primary data were collected from 387 valid questionnaires which were distributed to random banking customers in all 26 licensed banks in Jordan. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The main findings of the study are: uncertainty avoidance has a positive and significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Perceived risk has the stronger impact on customers' attitude, which in turn influences customers' intention to use electronic banking services.

Keywords: electronic banking, banking customers, culture, perceived risk, Jordan

Research Title: The Impact of E- Banking on The Performance of Jordanian Banks

Author: Mohammad Oqlah Al-Smadi, Published Year: 2011

Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 16

Faculty: Business

Abstract: Electronic banking has become one of the most important and modern applications that has witnessed a substantial expansion during the last years. This study examines the impact of electronic banking on the Jordanian banks' performance. Empirical analysis has been conducted on a panel data of 15 Jordanian banks for the period 2000-2010. Accounting data were used to measure the banks' performance and regressed on relevant variables using OLS regression. The results show that electronic banking has a significant negative impact on banks' performance. Electronic banking has not improved the performance of these banks. Banks' customers in Jordan depend on traditional channels to carry out their banking operations. As a result, costs associated with adopting electronic banking are still higher than revenues from provision electronic services. Hence, banks should focus its work to promote the confidence of electronic banking services and encourage the customers to use this kind of services.

Keywords: electronic banking; internet banking; banks' performance; Jordanian banks