Research Title: Context Prediction of Highways Based on The Vehicular Traffic Distribution

Author: Maram Bani Younes, Published Year: 2021

IEEE International Conference on Communications,

Faculty: Information Technology

Abstract: Traffic distribution over highways affects several applications and functionalities of traveling vehicles. The level of traffic congestion has been scaled over road networks based on the traffic density, traveling speed or estimated traveling time of the investigated road scenario. These measurements have been used individually or combined with other parameters to indicate the level of the traffic congestion on certain road scenario. In this paper, we propose a context-aware traffic prediction technique. It predicts the context of the highway scenarios in terms of the existence of obstacles, broken vehicles, or entrance/exit points based on the distribution of vehicles' traveling speed. From the experimental study, we can see that the proposed protocol have succeeded to predict the context of the highway. Our results indicate that our propose scheme exhibit good performance based upon an extensive set of simulation experiments.

Keywords: Context predictions; Context-Aware; Network-based; Road network; Traffic densities; Traffic distributions; Traffic prediction; Traveling time; Traveling vehicle; VANET

Research Title: Towards a Sustainable Highway Road-based Driving Protocol for Connected and Self-Driving Vehicles

Author: Maram Bani Younes, Published Year: 2021

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing,

Faculty: Information Technology

Abstract: Fuel consumption and gas emissions of traveling vehicles have become of great consideration for green environmental researchers. Several technologies have been developed to enhance the efficiency of daily traveling vehicles in terms of fuel consumption. Moreover, many protocols have been developed to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of traveling vehicles. However, most of these protocols were dedicated to downtown and urban areas, since they are considered more consuming scenarios. Drivers spend a long time traveling over highways toward a targeted destination. Small mistakes could lead to greater fuel consumption; the percentage of extra fuel consumption can be drastically increased when drivers repeatedly make the same efficiency mistakes during their trips. In this work, we aim to introduce a green protocol to assist drivers and self-driving vehicles to drive efficiently over highways in order to reduce the fuel economy and gas emission of their vehicles. This protocol is designed to keep the speed of the traveling gasoline vehicles steady as much as possible in order to save energy and enhance efficiency. It also smooths the acceleration and deceleration reactions of vehicles when required. The performance of the proposed protocol has been evaluated using an extensive set of experiments.

Keywords: Green protocol, Driving assistant protocol, Efficient protocol, Fuel consumption, Gas emission, Highway.

Research Title: Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions of organomagnesium reagents with a variety of electrophilic substrates mediated by iron catalysts

Author: Adnan Dahadha, Published Year: 2021

Organic Communications, 14

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Iron complexes are one of the most promising catalysts for carbon-carbon coupling reactions due to their relatively low cost, widespread availability as well as lower toxicity. Many researches have been successfully done to develop efficient protocols for the cross-coupling reactions of organomagnesium reagents with various substrates mediated by iron catalysts to generate a wide spectrum of important organic compounds.

Keywords: Iron catalysts; organomagnesium reagents; carbon-carbon formation; cross-coupling reactions

Research Title: Micellar and Polymer Catalysis in the Kinetics of Oxidation of L-lysine by Permanganate Ion in Perchloric Acid Medium

Author: Adnan Dahadha, Published Year: 2021

South African Journal of Chemistry, 75

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Kinetics of oxidation of L-lysine by permanganate ion in a perchloric acid medium was investigated to explore the order of the reaction with respect to oxidant and substrate and to study the catalytic behaviour of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The reaction was found to be first-order with respect to the oxidant and the substrate and zero-order with respect to hydrogen ion. Changes in the sodium sulphate concentration produce a non-significant variation in the rate of the reaction. SLS and PEG were found to catalyze the reaction. Surfactant catalysis was modelled by Piszkiewicz’s cooperativity model, while polymer catalysis was explained with the help of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The temperature dependence of the rate of the reaction was elucidated, and activation parameters were obtained. Interestingly, the reaction was found to possess positive activation entropy indicating the dissociative nature of the transition state and outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism. A mechanism of the reaction that is supported by the experimental findings was suggested

Keywords: L-lysine, permanganate ion, micellar catalysis, polymer catalysis, outer sphere electron transfer mechanism

Research Title: Kinetics of oxidation of aspirin by Ce(IV) in surfactant, polymer, and mixed surfactant‑polymer media

Author: Adnan Dahadha, Published Year: 2021

Colloid and Polymer Science, 299

Faculty: Science

Abstract: The catalytic effects of the two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dimethyldodecylammonium oxide (DDAO), and the two polymers polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVD), on the kinetics of oxidation of Aspirin by Ce(IV) were investigated. Mixed systems of the two surfactants and SDS-PEG/PVD were also examined as catalysts of the reaction. Both surfactants catalyzed the reaction, but the DDAO was found to work only above its critical micelle concentration (CMC), whereas below it a precipitate appeared and retarded the measurements. The catalytic profiles of both surfactants showed maxima, which enabled the application of Piszkiewicz’s model to calculate the cooperative index (n) and dissociation constants (kD) of premicellar substrate-surfactant aggregates. Besides, less values of dissociation constant and a higher value of n were found for DDAO compared to those of SDS. The results proved higher catalytic activity of DDAO because the SDS counter ions may impose some restriction on Ce(IV) diffusion toward the substrate solubilized within the micellar core. Both polymers, PEG and PVD, were found to catalyze the reaction, and their catalytic data was modeled using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Interestingly, the catalytic profiles of mixed SDS-DDAO and SDS-PEG/PVD reflected the detailed surfactant-surfactant and surfactant-polymer interactions reported in the literature. The reaction’s product was identified from UV–VIS spectra assisted by the calculations of reaction stoichiometry and 2,4-dnitrophenylhydrazone test. A mechanism of the reaction that coped with the experimental data was suggested.

Keywords: Micellar catalysis · Polymer catalysis · Mixed-surfactant system · Surfactant-polymer interaction

Research Title: Kinetics of oxidation of vanillic acid by colloidal MnO2: correlation of micellar catalysis to the micellar properties of surfactants and mixed surfactants.

Author: Adnan Dahadha, Published Year: 2021

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 133

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of vanillic acid by colloidal MnO2 in an acidic medium was investigated and used as a probe to study the micellar catalysis and its correlation to micellar properties of surfactants. Three surfactants were employed; cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and non-ionic Tween-20 (TW-20), and some compositions of the two mixed systems CTAB-TW-20 and SDS-TW-20. The micellar properties were studied using the conductivity method. The reaction rate was enhanced in the presence of the three surfactants and the mixed systems. The catalytic profiles of the pure and mixed surfactant systems could be used to estimate the critical micelle concentrations of surfactant catalytic systems. Nevertheless, the kinetic measurements could not detect the variations in the micellar structures that occur at post-micellar compositions. Overall, the mixed systems studied showed a negative deviation of ideality with synergetic interaction. Therefore, Rubingh equations were used to calculate the micellar mole fraction and interaction parameters in the mixed surfactant systems.

Keywords: Micellar catalysis · Mixed surfactant systems · Colloidal MnO2 · Vanillic acid · Redox reactions

Research Title: The oxidation of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid by water-soluble colloidal manganese oxide in surfactant and polymer media: a kinetic and mechanistic approach

Author: Adnan Dahadha, Published Year: 2021

Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 134

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Abstract Kinetics of the oxidation of both salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid by colloidal manganese oxide (MnO2) have been explored spectrophotometrically by monitoring the decay in the absorbance of colloidal MnO2 at 390 nm in absence and presence of surfactants and polymers. The major goal of this research is the study of the effect of the nature of surfactants and polymers on the rate of the oxidation of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid, as well as employing of Piszkiewicz and Menger–Portnoy models to explain the catalytic and inhibition effect of surfactants and polymers. However, the experimental runs have been carried out under the pseudo-first-order reaction conditions with respect to MnO2. The oxidation has been observed to be fractional-order with respect to both of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid, colloidal MnO 2 and H2SO4. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the nonionic surfactant Tween-20 have been observed to be reaction inhibitors. Whereas, the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) causes flocculation with oppositely charged colloidal MnO2 and therefore could not be studied further in all cases. On the other hand, PEG 600 and 1500 have played a significant role in enhancing the rates of the reaction. On the basis of observed kinetic results, a plausible mechanism of the reaction and the expected final product have been suggested

Keywords: Manganese oxide · Reduction · Oxidation · Salicylic acids · Micellar catalysis · Surfactant

Research Title: La Personnalité et la pensée de Chateaubriand et de Tawfik al Hakime

Author: Mohammad Al-Ghazu, Published Year: 2003

مجلة كلية اللغات والترجمة, 34

Faculty: Language Center

Abstract: La littérature étant un art éternel, elle rassemble dans toute sa diversité les idées et les personnes, et de ce rassemblement et de cette divergence naissent la création et la belle littérature. Voici deux exemples d'écrivains différents de culture, de civilisation, de religion, de langue et de pays, mais qui ont le même amour pour la littérature et l’art. Chateaubriand adore l’architecture, l’Antiquité et les ruines. Hakime est amateur de musique, de peinture et de théâtre. Le premier est un écrivain français, diplomate, voyageur et religieux. Le second est un écrivain égyptien, un juge et un homme qui avait une grande influence sociale en Egypte et dans le monde arabe. Ces deux personnages se ressemblent beaucoup de part de leurs idées, leur mentalité, leur mode de vie, leur état psychologique et leur conduite. Dans cette étude, nous essayerons d’éclaircir certains côtés de la pensée et de la personnalité de ces deux écrivains.

Keywords: Personnalité, pensée, Chateaubriand, Tawfik al Hakime

Research Title: La beauté de l'analyse et de la description chez Nerval dans le “Voyage en Orient”

Author: Mohammad Al-Ghazu, Published Year: 2006

المجلة العربية لللآداب, 1

Faculty: Language Center

Abstract: I tried in this research to manifest the ability of Nerval's accurate analysis as well as the ability of describing all what he had seen or heard. He did that in an interesting and distinguished style. In part one , I discussed the aesthetic analysis of the political, religious , and social situations. In part two, I discussed the highly - elevated style of describing the country and people and his love story which he narrates in a beautiful style. He also describes things which he had never seen as the story of Solomon, Queen of saba'a and other stories . I have concluded that the writer used to look for the most wonderful and unusual ideas. He had developed these scenes and views of others through his rich culture and the experience of others

Keywords: beauté, Nerval, Voyage en Orient, analyse, Ghazu

Research Title: Le décor tropical et esthétique de "Paul et Virginie" de Bernardin de Saint-Pierre

Author: Mohammad Al-Ghazu, Published Year: 2006

Faculty: Language Center

Abstract: Le décor tropical et esthétique de "Paul et Virginie" de Bernardin de Saint-Pierre Vu la grande réputation de "Paul et Virginie", où Bernardin voulait illustrer les avantages de la vertu et les vices de la civilisation, nous avons essaié de montrer la beauté du décor tropical et esthétique de ce conte moral. Dans la première partie de cette recherche, nous avons cherché le décor extérieur où la beauté exotique et esthétique du paysage, la forêt, l'eau et la température donnent un portrait différent de celui de l'Europe. Dans la deuxième, nous avons sondé le décor intérieur où l'amour, la vertu, la providence et la religion en général adoucissent les moeurs et donnent un grand exemple de la correction de l'âme. L'objectif général de cette recherche était donc d'étudier le décor extérieur et intérieur du contenu de ce roman. C'est un décor exotique, tropical et esthétique qui a participé à la grande réputation de celui-ci

Keywords: Paul et Virginie, décor extérieur, décor tropical, la civilisation, exotique, esthétique,paysage