Research Title: From followers From followers to advocates: Does social to advocates: Does social media marketing boost brand advocacy brand advocacy in Jordanian insurance companies? in Jordania

Author: Muneer Mujalli Abdel-Muti AlRwashdeh, Published Year: 2026

Insurance Markets and Companies, 17

Faculty: Business

Abstract: The global trend towards digital transformation and the adoption of social media mar keting as a primary channel for communicating with customers is increasing loyalty in the insurance sector. This study aims to examine the impact of social media marketing on brand reputation, loyalty, and advocacy in the Jordanian insurance sector. The study adopts a quantitative approach and uses a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from a targeted segment of insurance customers in Amman, Jordan. A structured opin ion poll was conducted in Jordan between May 1, 2025 and August 15, 2025, targeting participants who follow insurance companies on social media platforms. Convenience sampling was used to ensure consistency across the target groups, with 391 valid re sponses distributed. The study results demonstrated the significant impact of social media platforms on building brand reputation (β = 0.445, p < 0.0000). The analysis confirmed the effective role of brand reputation in enhancing loyalty (β = 0.380, p < 0.000). Durham’s brand reputation also enhances brand advocacy among the general public (β = 0.339, p < 0.0000), highlighting the importance of brand loyalty in building a loyal audience (β = 0.373, p < 0.0000). The study results confirm the effectiveness of social media marketing strategies in building brand reputation, which enhances loyalty and advocacy, providing critical insights for Jordanian insurance companies.

Keywords: brand reputation, brand loyalty, brand advocacy, social media marketing, insurance companies

Research Title: A novel lift adjustment methodology for improving association rule interpretation

Author: Athari Murtata Abrahim Al-natsheh, Published Year: 2025

Faculty: Information Technology

Abstract: Association rules can offer a human-interpretable insight extracted from data. The lift measures used for evaluating association rules in classical Association Rule Mining (ARM) contexts are mainly based on traditional and well-known ones but suffer from interpretation inadequacy when dealing with skewed distributions or low support. This study introduces a new lift adjustment approach with four methods to overcome traditional lift measures and identify the best rules in association rule mining. More concretely, our main objective is to improve the interpretability of association rules to make them more practically relevant for decision making. We propose an approach incorporating four novel lift adjustment methods (smoothed, weighted, log, and threshold-adjusted lift) to achieve this. We introduce a flexible, dynamic approach combined with four new lift adjustment methods: smoothed, weighted, logarithm, and threshold-adjusted lift. Each technique addresses specific limitations of the traditional lift measure and better captures the reliable representation of item associations by exaggerating stronger relationships or smoothing weaker ones. The proposed methods applied context-aware rule evaluation and adjustment based on measures of relative significance (e.g., Jaccard similarity). The experimental results involving real-world data and synthetic datasets reveal new methods’ effectiveness and robustness in understanding the strengths of association rules and provide a comprehensive view that considers item importance. We evaluate the performance stability of our proposed methods using statistical analysis, including ANOVA, chi-squared, t-tests, and effect size metrics.

Keywords: Association rule mining Data interpretability Statistical analysis Lift adjustment Rule evaluation Context-aware analysis

Research Title: Microfluidics-based cell recognition through optimizing suspended cell staining techniques and artificial intelligence

Author: Haneen Muntasir Mohammad Ali Ababneh, Published Year: 2026

Journal of Biological Engineering, 20

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Purpose Blood staining is necessary to differentiate between its various cells. It is typically performed on a microscopic slide that contains a blood film. However, in some applications, there is a need to stain blood in suspension. Methods Three techniques were optimized (Romanowsky stains, Hematoxylin stain, and our proposed modified Romanowsky stain) for cell staining before injection into a microfluidic device. Images of stained cells in the microfluidic device were captured under an optical microscope. The effectiveness of staining techniques in cell differentiation was evaluated using color-based k-means clustering. Then, four pre-trained models (Alexnet, VGG16, Resnet, and Densnet) were applied to extract features and classify RBCs, WBCs, and CTCs. Results Only images showing clear cell borders were retained. The models achieved high testing accuracy, reaching 100%, 98%, 98%, and 95.34%, respectively. Conclusions This high accuracy was achieved without the use of fluorescence labeling or expensive materials, thereby preserving the cells alive. Based on these results, the proposed staining technique was the most effective in differentiating between WBCs, RBCs, and CTCs, where all WBCs and RBCs were classified correctly.

Keywords: Blood cell staining, Microfluidics device, Optimization, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning

Research Title: نظرية البديل الحضاري لأنور عبد الملك

Author: Amjad Ahmad Alzoubi, Published Year: 2026

مجلة البحوث والدراسات العربية , مج٥٢، العدد ٨٤

Faculty: Arts

Abstract: This study examines the theory of the civilizational alternative as a scientific framework and a renaissance project, a concept to which Anwar Abdel Malek referred in passing without defining its features. The study aims to frame this theory, which, in the researcher's opinion, is a lifelong project that Anwar developed in all his writings, meetings, and works. It presents a comprehensive theory that interprets civilization in its Renaissance project and its concentric circles, which he uniquely formulated. Through these circles, he provides his vision of the civilizational alternative based on a trilogy: specificity, historical surplus value, and civilizational creativity. He posits that the civilizational alternative is the East. The study followed the historical method, scrutinizing Abdel Malek's own writings in the context of deep excavation, analysis, and classification to frame the theory totally. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it is the first to pursue this goal within the limits of the researcher's knowledge, thus presenting a new vision for Anwar Abdel Malek, a major theorist in the philosophy of civilization. It raises problematic questions centered around what the title raises: To what extent has Anwar Abdel Malek succeeded in formulating the theory of the civilizational alternative? The answer, emphasizing and framing it, is that the East is the civilizational alternative, with Egypt as its core, with its Arab-Islamic extension. The future lies in the major renaissance projects that began with Muhammad Ali Pasha and the Chinese Revolution. The world is moving beyond the idea of bipolarity and unipolarity toward pluralism and openness to what the West at one point called the margin or the underdeveloped world.

Keywords: Civilization, Culture, Civilizational Alternative, Specificity, Historical Surplus Value, the East Wind. مقدمة:

Research Title: Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 1990–2023, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2026

The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 11

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Summary Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally, contributing to both economic and healthrelated challenges. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of MASLD from 1990 to 2023, quantify the contribution of identified modifiable risk factors, and project future prevalence up to the year 2050. Methods Estimates of MASLD prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were produced by age, sex, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), and Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) index across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023. The MASLD burden attributable to three risk factors (smoking, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose) was assessed as part of the GBD comparative risk assessment. As a secondary analysis, we used these estimates to forecast MASLD prevalence up to 2050 using fasting plasma glucose and mean BMI as predictors. Furthermore, to examine the relative contributions of population ageing, population growth, and changes in MASLD prevalence rate to the forecasted changes in case counts from 2023 to 2050, we conducted a decomposition analysis. Findings In 2023, approximately 1·3 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·4) individuals were estimated to be living with MASLD (ie, 16·1% of the global population), with an age-standardised prevalence rate of 14 429·3 (95% UI 13 268·3 to 15990·6) per 100000 population, representing a percentage increase of 142·7% (95% UI 139·2 to 146·7) in crude numbers from 1990 (0·5 billion [0·5 to 0·6]) and of 28·6% (27·8 to 29·5) in the rate (11 217·2 [10276·8 to 12467·0] per 100000 in 1990). An estimated 3·6 million (2·8 to 4·5) total DALYs were attributable to MASLD worldwide in 2023, corresponding to an age-standardised DALY rate of 39·6 (31·2 to 49·9) per 100000 population. Despite a 116·3% (93·3 to 139·4) increase in crude DALYs (from 1·7 million [1·3 to 2·1] in 1990), its age-standardised estimate remained consistent (1·8% [–8·6 to 12·8]) from 1990 (38·9 [30·1 to 49·8] per 100000) to 2023. There was substantial variation in age-standardised estimates across regions. North Africa and the Middle East had the highest prevalence rate (29 246·1 [26848·3 to 32 048·7] per 100 000) and Andean Latin America showed the highest DALY rate (152·3 [114·1 to 194·7] per 100 000). By contrast, the high-income Asia Pacific region had the lowest prevalence rate (8653·5 [7923·7 to 9592·8] per 100 000) and east Asia had the lowest DALY rate (16·3 [13·5 to 19·9] per 100 000) among all GBD regions. North Africa and the Middle East showed disproportionately higher prevalence rates relative to other regions with similar SDIs. Lower SDIs and HAQs were associated with higher age-standardised DALY rates. The age-standardised prevalence rate was consistently higher in males (15616·4 [14 349·2 to 17263·3] per 100 000 people in 2023) than in females (13 245·2 [12 132·0 to 14692·6] per 100000 people), and peaked at age 80–84 years in both sexes. The number of MASLD prevalent cases was the highest in younger adults, peaking at age 35–39 years for males and age 55–59 years for females. Among the risk factors for MASLD, high fasting plasma glucose presented the largest contribution to the age-standardised DALY rate of total MASLD in 2023 (2·2 [95% UI 1·6 to 3·1] per 100000 people), followed by high BMI (1·4 [0·6 to 2·4] per 100000 people) and smoking (1·0 [0·3 to 1·8] per 100000 people). Our forecasting model estimates that 1·8 billion (95% UI 1·6 to 2·0) individuals are likely to have MASLD by 2050, representing a 42·0% increase from 2023. The age-standardised prevalence rate is expected to increase to 15774·9 (95% UI 14 613·9 to 17336·2) per 100000 people in 2050, representing an average annual percentage change of 0·3% (95% UI 0·3–0·3). According to our decomposition analysis, this change will be primarily due to population growth, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa and Middle East, and less by population ageing or epidemiological change. Interpretation With a global prevalence of 16·1% and approximately 1·3 billion people already living with MASLD in 2023, the condition has and will continue to have substantial health and economic impacts worldwide. An inverse association between the HAQ Index and age-standardised DALY rates suggests that countries with lower health-care access and quality might be less well positioned to manage the growing MASLD burden, underscoring the need for strengthened health-system capacity in these settings.

Keywords: Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 1990–2023, a systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease Study

Research Title: Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2026

The LANCET, 407(10543)

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Summary Background The 2023 iteration of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) estimated prevalence, incidence, and health burden for 375 diseases and injuries, including 12 mental disorders. We assess past, current, and emerging trends in the prevalence and burden of mental disorders across sexes and age groups, for 21 regions, 204 countries and territories, and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, from 1990 to 2023. Methods Mental disorders included in GBD 2023 were anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, and a residual category of other mental disorders. A literature review identified epidemiological data for each disorder. These were analysed via a Bayesian meta-regression to estimate prevalence by disorder, sex, age, location, and year. Disorder-specific prevalence was multiplied by disability weights representing the severity of health loss associated with each disorder to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Deaths due to anorexia nervosa were assessed with a Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to estimate deaths by sex, age, location, and year, and then multiplied by the standard life expectancy at age of death to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). YLDs equalled disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all mental disorders except anorexia nervosa (the only mental disorder considered as an underlying cause of death in GBD), for which DALYs represented the sum of YLDs and YLLs. We presented prevalence, deaths, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs as counts, age-specific rates per 100 000 population, and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. Findings We estimated 1·17 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·06–1·31) prevalent cases of mental disorders globally in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised prevalence rate of 14 210·7 cases (12 849·5–15 940·1) per 100 000 population. These estimates represented a 95·5% (75·0–121·2) increase in prevalent cases and 24·2% (11·4–41·4) increase in age-standardised prevalence rate between 1990 and 2023. All mental disorders showed increases in prevalent cases between 1990 and 2023, while notable increases were seen in age-standardised prevalence rates for anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder. There were an estimated 171 million (127–228) DALYs due to mental disorders globally across sex and age in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised DALY rate of 2070·5 DALYs (1519·1–2750·5) per 100 000 population. Mental disorders contributed to 6·1% (4·8–7·6) of all-cause DALYs in 2023, making them the fifth leading cause of global DALYs (up from 12th in 1990). DALYs were almost entirely composed of YLDs. Mental disorders were the leading cause of YLDs in 2023 (up from second in 1990), explaining 17·3% (14·8–20·6) of all-cause global YLDs. Leading causes of mental disorder DALYs were anxiety disorders (ranked 11th among the 304 diseases and injuries at Level 4 of the GBD cause hierarchy), major depressive disorder (15th), and schizophrenia (41st). Globally in 2023, mental disorder age-standardised DALY rates were higher among females (2239·6 [1643·7–3014·1] per 100 000) than among males (1900·2 [1399·8–2510·8] per 100 000), and peaked in the 15–19 years age group (2617·3 [1850·6–3696·8] per 100 000). All locations showed increased mental disorder DALY rates in 2023 compared with 1990, ranging across countries and territories from 1302·4 (952·7–1683·7) per 100 000 in Viet Nam to 3555·8 (2661·9–4715·0) per 100 000 in the Netherlands. Across SDI quintiles, DALY rates ranged from 1853·0 (1352·1–2469·3) per 100 000 for middle SDI to 2184·1 (1606·1–2890·3) per 100 000 for high SDI. Interpretation A significant health burden was imposed by mental disorders in all countries and territories in 2023, irrespective of the health resources available. In some instances, this burden has increased over time and is unevenly distributed across populations. Stronger surveillance systems, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, are required. Additionally, we need more coordinated and inclusive policies to reduce the burden through early treatment and prevention, tailored to sex and age differences across locations. Responding to the mental health needs of our global population, especially those most vulnerable, is an obligation, not a choice.

Keywords: global prevalence, burden of mental disorders, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Research Title: The Lived Experience of Parents Raising Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Descriptive Phenomenological Approach

Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2026

Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 13

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to understand the experiences of Jordanian parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and how this condition impacted their quality of life and their day-to-day life experiences. The study used a descriptive phenomenological design. Forty parents who had children being cared for in a paediatric cardiac ward were interviewed. Three interrelated experiential patterns emerged: parents’ profound emotional changes after diagnosis, their continuing adaptation to challenges of caring for their child with social, spiritual and financial support, and the need for information to enhance their participation in care. Parenting a child with CHD is a significant life transition that is marked by uncertainty, emotional distress and adjustment. These experiences were influenced by family dynamics, spiritual coping, and financial constraints of the Jordanian healthcare system. The results suggest the need for family-focused education and psychosocial support to build parents’ confidence and decrease uncertainty to improve their long-term ability to manage their parental roles.

Keywords: phenomenological, congenital heart disease, paediatric, qualitative, Jordan

Research Title: Hospital discharge readiness based on Meleis’s transition theory and its associated factors among patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: a cross-sectional study

Author: Maha Mohammed Wahbi Atout, Published Year: 2026

Froniters in Medicine , 13

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Introduction: Readiness for hospital discharge is an ongoing concern for healthcare providers. There is currently limited evidence on patients’ readiness for hospital discharge after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among the Jordanian population. This study aimed to assess the readiness for hospital discharge levels among patients post-CABG surgery and to identify its associated factors in a large cardiovascular center in Jordan using the transition theory by Meleis.Method: A cross-sectional design was used across a total of 203 patients who were selected using a convenience sampling procedure. The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) was used to collect data on the day of hospital discharge. Statistical analysis, including the chi-square test and multiple linear regression tests, was then used to identify factors associated with readiness for hospital discharge.Results: The total mean readiness scale score was 6.69 (±1.311), indicating a moderate level of discharge readiness. Patients in this study scored highest on physical readiness (M = 7.61, SD = 1.568) and availability of help for medical care (M = 7.76, SD = 1.737); however, lower scores emerged regarding knowledge of potential post-discharge problems (M = 5.02, SD = 2.290) and knowledge regarding restrictions after discharge (M = 5.26, SD = 2.328). Illiteracy (B = −0.740, p = 0.001), education lower than secondary level (B = −0.635, p = 0.010), and older age (B = −0.021, p = 0.021) were significantly associated factors with lower readiness for hospital discharge.Conclusion: Healthcare providers should seek to assess readiness for discharge among post-CABG patients comprehensively to offer special education and support to those patients at highest risk to enhance their recovery post-CABG surgery.

Keywords: CABG, cardiac surgery, discharge, education, readiness, sociodemographic

Research Title: Patient Activation and Diabetes Outcomes Among Jordanian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Longitudinal Evidence on Adherence and Glycemic Control With Linear Mixed Model Analysis

Author: Huda Mohammad Mahmoud Atiyeh, Published Year: 2026

Research in Nursing & Health , https://onlinelibrar

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: ABSTRACT Management of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) requires patient activation. Although many studies have associated patient activation with outcomes like increased medication adherence and better blood glucose control, evidence for these outcomes is scarce in the Middle East, particularly in the Jordanian population. To address this issue, the current study examined the association between patient activation and both medication adherence and glycemic control among patients with diabetes in Jordan. A descriptive longitudinal method was used, and convenience sampling was adopted. Newly diagnosed adult patients with diabetes were assessed utilizing the Patient Activation Measure (PAM‐13), Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS), and glycemic control was evaluated by HbA1c levels. Data were collected from 140 patients at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months from hospital inpatient departments and outpatient clinics. PAM scores increased from 44.7 at baseline to 54.5 at 3 months and 60.0 at 6 months. ARMS scores dropped from 34.4 to 29.7 and 25.3, indicating progressive improvement in medication adherence, and HbA1c from 10.6% to 9.6% and 8.7%. Better activation was significantly associated with higher adherence (F(1, 335.1) = 315.43, p < 0.001) and lower HbA1c (F(1, 362.2) = 414.38, p < 0.001). Time and activation interplay were prominent for adherence (F(2, 177.1) = 3.15, p = 0.045) and HbA1c (F(2, 165.2) = 6.04, p = 0.002). These findings suggest that patient activation is associated with improved health outcomes at 6 months. This finding thus supports prioritizing structured education and support in diabetes care to enhance and maintain patient activation.

Keywords: diabetes management|glycemic control|medication adherence|patient activation|patients with diabetes

Research Title: Nurses' Knowledge of Blood Transfusion Safety at Intensive Care Units in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2026

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly , 49(3)

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: This study aims to assess critical care nurses’ knowledge of blood transfusion safety in a university hospital in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 critical care nurses who completed a questionnaire assessing knowledge of transfusion procedures, safety protocols, and management of transfusion reactions. Of the participants, 58% were female, with a mean clinical experience of 9.37 years (SD = 5.4); 68% had more than 10 years of experience. The mean blood transfusion safety score was 18.9 (54%) out of 35 (SD = 5.92), indicating poor overall knowledge. Major gaps were noted in recognizing acute transfusion reactions (86.5%) and identifying drug restrictions during transfusion (74.5%). In contrast, most nurses were knowledgeable about informed consent (90.5%) and blood cross-matching (87%). Knowledge levels differed significantly by gender, education, experience, and workplace (P < .05), with intensive care unit nurses scoring lower than those in emergency, burn, or dialysis units. Multiple linear regression showed that the workplace was the only significant predictor, explaining 10.3% of the variance. Significant knowledge gaps in transfusion safety were identified, underscoring the need for targeted education and training to improve nurses’ competency, enhance patient safety, and reduce transfusion-related adverse outcomes.

Keywords: bloodtransfusion, critical care nurses, knowledge, patient safety, transfusion reactions