Research Title: test

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Keywords: test

Research Title: Jordanian mothers knowledge and attitude toward caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder

Author: Wafa Fahid Al-Waked, Published Year: 2025

International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 71

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to assess Jordanian mothers’ level of knowledge and attitudes toward caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 140 Jordanian mothers recruited from four different settings in Irbid, northern Jordan. Data collection involved the use of the Autism Spectrum Knowledge Scale—General Population Version (ASKSG) to assess knowledge levels and the Family Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) to evaluate mothers’ attitudes. Results: Two-thirds of participants (n¼100) had adequate knowledge, one-third (n¼35) had poor knowledge, and only five mothers demonstrated good knowledge about ASD. Additionally, nearly two-thirds of mothers exhibited a positive caregiving attitude. While no significant correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude, knowledge was significantly associated with family income, employment status, education level, and the child’s sex (p¼0.002, p¼0.008, p¼0.002, p¼0.019, respectively). A negative attitude was significantly linked to the child’s age (p¼0.001). Conclusions: The study revealed that family demographics and parents’ attitudes and behaviors toward ASD might significantly influence their knowledge about autism. These findings highlight the need for targeted parental skills training programs and interventions to support positive caregiving experiences for mothers of children with ASD in Jordan.

Keywords: children with ASD; mothers’ knowledge; mothers’ attitude; Jordan

Research Title: Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for predicting neuropathic pain in patients with cancer: A systematic review

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2025

DIGITAL HEALTH , 11

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Abstract Background Neuropathic pain (NP) remains a complex, under-recognized complication among cancer patients, frequently arising from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Early prediction is crucial for timely intervention, yet conventional tools often fall short due to their reactive and subjective nature. Aim This systematic review aims to evaluate the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in predicting NP and related outcomes among oncology patients, highlighting model performance, predictors, and limitations. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar for English-language studies published between January 2020 and February 2025. Fourteen eligible studies were included based on predefined Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2 and PROBAST tools. Results Most studies in high-income countries focused on breast cancer. Supervised models such as random forest (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) up to 0.94), support vector machine (AUC 0.808–0.87), and deep learning architectures were dominant. Key predictive features included acute postoperative pain, anxiety, type of surgery, and biomarkers like sphinganine-1-phosphate. Only 14% of studies used external validation, and 5% assessed calibration. Multimodal frameworks integrating clinical, emotional, imaging, and molecular data outperformed single-modality models. Conclusion AI and ML hold significant promise for enhancing NP prediction in cancer care. However, methodological limitations—particularly poor calibration, low external validation, and limited interpretability—currently hinder clinical adoption. Standardization, explainable AI, and diverse datasets are essential for future progress.

Keywords: Neuropathic pain, artificial intelligence, machine learning, oncology

Research Title: Improving Subjective Well-Being Through EMDR Therapy among PTSD Patients in Jordan: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Author: Rabia Hani Amin Haddad, Published Year: 2025

Chronic Stress, 9

Faculty: Nursing

Abstract: Abstract Background Numerous man-made and naturally occurring incidents cause human suffering, both psychologically and mentally. Such circumstances endanger people's emotional, physical, and social well-being if left untreated or if appropriate intervention is delayed. This trial examines the effectiveness of an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention on improving the subjective well-being of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Jordan. Methods The current trial employed the quasi-experimental, interrupted time series design. This includes measuring the subjective well-being (SWB) three times: once before intervention (pre-test) and twice after the intervention (post-tests), including immediately and one-month follow-ups for both the intervention and control group. 70 patients (35 patients for each group) were recruited from a specialized psychiatric trauma healing center in Jordan. The primary outcome variable was measured using the World Health Organization- Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results The statistical analysis of repeated measures using ANCOVA revealed significant differences across all time points within subjects [F (1, 56) = 5.18, p = .027]. The covariate effect was not controlled and showed statistically significant differences in the SWB across all time points in both interventional and control groups (between subjects) (F1,56 = 12.41,p = .001). There were no statistical differences in the total mean score of SWB correlated with sociodemographics and health-related factors. Conclusion The results suggest that EMDR may be an effective, pragmatic, and acceptable intervention for increasing SWB in patients with PTSD in Jordan. Findings support the continued investment in and adoption of EMDR among participants affected by trauma in the Arab World.

Keywords: post-Traumatic stress disorder, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, subjective well-being, JordanReceived: 5 May 2025; accepted: 10 June 2025IntroductionIn recent years, psychological research has increasingly un-derscored positive mental health and human assets, shiftingbeyond a focus on dysfunction and psychopathology. Thistransition has been influenced, in part, by global organiza-tions, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), whichprioritizes the promotion of worldwide health. The WHO de-fines positive mental health as “a state of well-being in whichthe individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with thenormal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully,and can contribute to his or her community”.1 This state of1Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan2Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, JadaraUniversity, Irbid, Jordan4Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University,Abu Dis, Jerusalem-Palestine5Nursing Department, The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan6School of Nursing, the University of Jordan, Amman, JordanCorresponding author:Ashraf J. Abuejheisheh, RN, MSN, CNS, PhD; Assistant Professor, NursingDepartment, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis,Jerusalem-Palestine.Email: ageisha@staff.alquds.eduCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction anddistribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).Original Research ArticleChronic StressVolume 9: 1–12© The Author(s) 2025Article reuse guidelines:sagepub.com/journals-permissionsDOI: 10.1177/24705470251352627journals.sagepub.com/home/css Page 2 mental well-being has been associated with a plethora of posi-tive outcomes, such as healthy aging and lifelong health,2flexible and creative thinking,3 and good physical health.4Given such benefits, subjective well-being is deemed a psy-chological protective factor, enabling those with greater levelsof SWB to cope more effectively with stressful circumstancesand decreasing their vulnerability to the adverse effects of dis-tress.5 On the other hand, individuals with low SWB may beless equipped to manage distress, potentially leading togreater psychological dysfunction.6One such dysfunction that can significantly affect an indi-vidual’s SWB is post-traumatic stress. In the aftermath oftraumatic exposure, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS),such as re-experiencing the traumatic event, alterations incognition and mood, and being on guard or hypervigilant ofone’s environment may occur.7 For those experiencing suchsymptoms, the ability to achieve psychological well-beingor live with contentment and satisfaction can be significantlycompromised.8 Recently, PTSS was found to be negativelyassociated with psychological well-being.8 Meanwhile, previ-ous studies maintained that individuals with PTSS may en-gage in behaviors to avoid further harm, such aswithdrawing from social connections that further diminishtheir SWB.9 Moreover, disaster trauma was predicted to de-crease social-psychological well-being via increased with-drawal from interpersonal contacts.9 These findingsunderscore the vulnerability of individuals facing PTSS, notonly to psychological dysfunction but also to decreased sub-jective well-being. As such, in the aftermath of a trauma,not only is PTSS a target for intervention, but so too is thepreservation of psychological well-being.Given that psychological well-being is often compromisedin individuals with PTSS, interventions should target not onlyPTSS but also psychological well-being. In this context, wepropose Eye Movement Desensitization and ReprocessingTherapy (EMDR)10 as one such intervention that addressesboth PTSS and the enhancement of psychological well-being.During EMDR therapy, patients are instructed to confronttheir trauma memory while engaging in bilateral stimulation,such as eye movements, which helps reduce the vividness ofthe memory and associated distress. EMDR has been found toeffectively attenuate symptoms of PTSD.11–14 In addition,emerging research suggests that EMDR may also promotepsychological well-being.15 For instance, a prior study exam-ining an EMDR-based online therapy group reported signifi-cant improvements in psychological well-being in a cohort ofuniversity students.15 While such findings are promising, theyhave yet to be widely replicated. Furthermore, to our knowl-edge, no studies have examined the effects of EMDR on psy-chological well-being in individual therapy settings, asopposed to group therapy. Jordan has undergone notable ad-vancements in its healthcare infrastructure, primarily fueledby demographic expansion, economic progression, and chal-lenges stemming from internal conflicts as well as the substan-tial influx of refugees suffering from PTSD.16 Currently,EMDR is being employed in Jordan to address PTSD.However, this methodology has not yet been substantiatedthrough rigorous research within the Jordanian context. Thisindicates a significant gap in the empirical validation of usingEMDR as a treatment approach, underscoring the urgent needfor comprehensive studies to assess its effectiveness and sup-port its implementation with solid evidence.The current study attempts to bridge this empirical gap byinvestigating the effects of EMDR individual therapy on thesubjective well-being of Jordanian patients presenting withmoderate to severe PTSS. Building on previous findings, al-beit limited, we hypothesize that, relative to a no-treatmentcontrol group, individuals who undergo an EMDR individualtherapy intervention will experience significant increases intheir subjective well-being immediately after the interventionperiod and one month later. The hypothesis of this trial is:There is a positive effect of using EMDR therapy on SWB le-vel, immediately and one month after receiving three sessions,and when compared with the control group, controlling forspecific socio-demographic and health-related factors amongpatients experiencing moderate to severe post-traumaticsymptoms.MethodDesignThis trial utilized the quasi-experimental, interrupted time ser-ies design. The reason for choosing this design was that thesample size was inadequate to ensure control over a controlgroup. And the intervention has been proposed voluntarilyfor the participants, therefore, there was little inerrability inmaking randomization and random assignment. The assignedcenter used an applied intervention is given this option.Although in terms of having a control group will enhancethe comparison internal validity, however, one group designhas been proposed to overcome obstacles related to the lackof control over control groups and the unavailability of sub-jects to meet the criteria for random assignment. The designincludes measuring the study outcomes (subjective well-being) at three points of time: Once before intervention (pre-test) and twice after the intervention (post-tests): immediatelyand one-month follow-up for both the interventional and con-trol groups. This design was suitable for examining the effect-iveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing(EMDR) intervention on patients experiencing moderate tosevere post-traumatic symptoms. In addition to recognizingthe differences in socio-demographics and health-related fac-tors that contribute to the effectiveness of using the EMDRtherapeutics module.Sampling and SettingParticipants were recruited from a specialized psychiatrictrauma healing center that provides cognitive behavioral and2 Chronic Stress 9(0) (PDF) Improving Subjective Well-Being Through EMDR Therapy among PTSD Patients in Jordan: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392880387_Improving_Subjective_Well-Being_Through_EMDR_Therapy_among_PTSD_Patients_in_Jordan_A_Quasi-Experimental_Study [accessed Jul 13 2025].

Research Title: Formulation and evaluation of PVA-sucrose dissolving microneedles loaded with glimepiride nanocrystals as a potential transdermal delivery system

Author: Yazan Mohammad Al-Thaher, Published Year: 2025

RSC advances, 15

Faculty: Pharmacy

Abstract: Considering the limited research on microneedles for potent transdermal oral hypoglycemic drugs, in this study, we formulated, glimepiride nanocrystals and incorporated them into PVA-based, sucrose-dissolving microneedles. Nanocrystals were formulated using two different aqueous surfactant solutions as antisolvents, PVP (at concentrations of 0.2% w/v or 2.5% w/v) and SLS (0.2% w/v), with or without a postdrying grinding step. Glimepiride nanocrystals using 0.2% w/v SLS with grinding showed the smallest particle size of 348 ± 27 nm with a PI of 0.29 ± 0.05, which was confirmed by SEM imaging. Therefore, the SLS-with-grinding formula was used for incorporation into a polymeric microneedle formulation composed of 23% w/w PVA and 15% w/w sucrose (GLIM_MN). GLIM_MN showed a microneedle height of 500 ± 14 mm and a sharp tip, as shown under SEM imaging. Furthermore, GLIM_MN could withstand a force of 32 N for 30 seconds at a rate of 0.5 mm per second. Moreover, GLIM_MN successfully penetrated three layers of Parafilm, which is analogous to the mechanical properties of the skin, and successfully penetrated excised BALB/c mice skin to a depth of 480 ± 15 mm, as shown by bright-field image microscopy. Moreover, GLIM_MN showed full penetration of the array into excised human skin to a depth of 276 ± 65 mm. Subsequently, we monitored the glucose level in healthy BALB/c mice for over 24 hours. The GLIM_MN treated group showed a rapid decline in the blood glucose level, reaching a minimum level at 5 hours. This was also corroborated with an increase in the level of serum insulin in the GLIM_MN treated group compared with that in the untreated group 5 hours after administration. Moreover, GLIM_MN-treated mice showed no significant change in the serum C-reactive protein level compared with that in the untreated group, indicating no inflammation upon microneedle administration. These results collectively indicate that our glimepiride dissolving microneedle formulation can enhance the delivery of glimepiride with minimal invasiveness, causing no inflammation. Therefore, it can be considered a potential treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, avoiding the drawbacks associated with conventional oral administration.

Keywords: microneedles, PVA, drug release

Research Title: Comparative Microstructure Characteristics of Synthesized PbS Nanocrystals and Galena

Author: Mariam Fathi Qderate, Published Year: 2024

Sci MDPI - Switzerland,

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Lead sulfide (PbS) on the nanoscale was synthesized via a chemical route at room temperature using lead nitrate {Pb(NO3 )2 } and sodium sulfide (Na2S). The Na2S was prepared at ~105 ◦C using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sulfur (S) powder. The produced PbS, denoted as Lab-PbS, was compared with a high-concentration PbS phase of galena. The produced Na2S and Lab-PbS were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for microstructural and chemical analysis. The results confirmed a high-purity PbS compound (>99%) with a nanoscale particle size. The results showed that ultrasonic agitation was vital for obtaining the nanoparticle size of the Lab-PbS. Furthermore, thin films from the synthesized Lab-PbS and galena were successfully thermally evaporated on glass, quartz, and silicon substrates. The formation of nanometric grains was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD and FTIR spectroscopy were carried out for the Lab-PbS, galena fine powders, and galena thin films. The average crystal diameter was calculated for the galena thin films and was found to be approximately 26.6 nm. Moreover, the UV–Visible transmission curve was measured for the thin films in the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm in order to calculate the bandgap energy (Eg) for the thin films. The values of Eg were approximately 2.65 eV and 2.85 eV for the galena and Lab-PbS thin films, respectively. Finally, the sintering of the Lab-PbS and galena powders was carried out at ~700 ◦C for 1 h under vacuum, achieving relative densities of ~98.1% and ~99.2% for the Lab-PbS and galena, respectively.

Keywords: galena; lead sulfide; sodium sulfide; powder metallurgy; thin films

Research Title: Synthesis of ZnS Nano-Powders and Fabrication of ZnS Thin Films via Electron-Beam Evaporation: Structural and Optical Characterization

Author: Mariam Fathi Qderate, Published Year: 2025

coating,

Faculty: Science

Abstract: Nanoscale zinc sulfide (ZnS) powders have attracted considerable interest due to their unique properties and diverse applications in various fields, including wastewater treatment, optics, electronics, photocatalysis, and solar systems. In this study, nano-powder ZnS was chemically synthetized starting from Zn powder, diluted HCl, and laboratory-prepared Na2S. The obtained ZnS was studied using an SEM coupled with EDS, XRD analysis, UV– Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR techniques. The XRD results showed that the synthesized nanoscale ZnS powder was approximately 2.26 nm. Meanwhile, the EDS and XRD patterns confirmed the high purity of the obtained ZnS powder. In addition, the ZnS powder was compacted and sintered in an argon atmosphere at 400 ◦C for 8 h to prepare the required pellets for thin-film deposition via E-beam evaporation. The microscopic structure of the sintered pellets was investigated using the SEM/EDS. Furthermore, the optical properties of the deposited thin films were studied using UV–Visible spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 190–1100 nm and the FTIR technique. The bandgap energies of the deposited thin films with thicknesses of 111 nm and 40 nm were determined to be around 4.72 eV and 5.82 eV, respectively. This article offers a facile production route of high-purity ZnS powder, which can be compacted and sintered as a suitable source for thin-film deposition

Keywords: E-beam evaporation; Na2S production; sintering; ZnS nano-powder; ZnS thin films

Research Title: The medication management review service and its effect on patients' asthma knowledge and adherence to their medications.

Author: Tahani Tawfiq M. Al-Bahnasi, Published Year: 2025

Pharmacy Practice, 23 No. 2

Faculty: Pharmacy

Abstract: Background: Asthma continues to be major challenge, detrimental disease and threat to health and economies. Tremendous number of asthmatics suffer from uncontrolled asthma and fatal exacerbations, therefore emergent interventions are needed to identify the roots of this dilemma and increase patient’s knowledge of their disease in order to improve their adherence. The medication management Review (MMR) service is an appropriate service that can improve knowledge and adherence of asthma patients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of MMR service on the knowledge of asthmatic patients and subsequently their adherence to therapy. Methods: This study followed a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial design, and was conducted over 15 months in outpatient clinics of public hospitals in Amman, Jordan, involving asthma patients. Patients diagnosed with asthma were recruited and randomized into intervention and control groups. The MMR service was conducted for each patient to assess patients’ knowledge and adherence. Socio- demographic characteristics were obtained via prepared questionnaires and patients’ medical records. Clinical data were collected by validated questionnaires. Intervention group patients were educated concerning knowledge of asthma and adherence to therapy. Control group patients did not receive the education. Both groups were reassessed at 3 to 4 months after baseline, and their knowledge and adherence were evaluated. Results: Patients with asthma (n = 152) were recruited, intervention (n=76) and control (n =76) groups showed lack in asthma knowledge; score mean at baseline was 5.28±1.654 for intervention, 5.53±1.47 for control, P-value= 0.327. Asthma knowledge at follow up score was 8.87±0.099 and 5.57±1.398 for intervention and control groups respectively, with significant difference between both groups (P-value<0.001). The majority of patients were poor adherent to therapy at baseline, due to various factors such as misperception regarding their disease, absence of asthma action plan, and cognitive and economic issues. Neither at base line nor at follow up patients follow asthma action plan, 100% of intervention and 90.8% of control didn’t have asthma action plan, as well as patients’ inability to afford medications. on the contrary other adherence parameters were improved significantly for intervention group at follow up, forgetfulness to take medication barrier adherence mean score 3.36±2.284 at baseline and 4.75±1.308 at follow up, P-value< 0.001, patients’ perceptions toward their preventative medication score elevated from 3.87±2.282 to 4.83±1.482, P- value < 0.001, poor adherence due to side effects was overcome, adherence score enhanced from 3.68±2.282 to 4.22±1.943, P-value< 0.001. In contrast to intervention group, control group didn’t show any improvement at follow up. Conclusion: The MMR service, which was employed by pharmacists for the first time in Jordan evidenced successful in identifying and resolving asthma patient’s lack of knowledge and adherence. Thus, positive health outcome and better asthma control can result from the service.

Keywords: Jordan, medication management review, adherence to therapy, treatment related problems, asthma knowledge, pharmacist’s educational interventions

Research Title: The Historical Relation between the Zionist Movement and Modern Hebrew Literary Writings: An Analytical Critical Study

Author: Abdalla Ahmad Abdalla, Published Year: 2025

Faculty: Arts

Abstract: Literary works can be insightful historical sources for investigating the emergence of the Zionist movement becausethey play a principal role in conveying the historical narrative during the time of historical events. This study highlights the harmonious relationship between the Zionist movement and modern Hebrew literature, which historians and writers consider as a historical source for its establishment. The analysis shows that the Zionist movement succeeded in implementing its ideological plans in Palestine through strong support from Jewish writers and poets who promoted its formation by writing stories, novels, and poetry in the process of convincing the Jews in the diaspora to immigrate to Palestine. The study also reveals that literary Zionism used both Hebrew literary and historical writings to achieve its ideological goals. It used literature as a real means of persuasion for the Jewish people in different parts of the world to promote its political ideas of achieving the Zionist dream of establishing a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine. The importance of this study lies in its reliance on modern Hebrew literary writings and sources in drawing this historical harmonious relationship between national Zionist thought and literary Zionism. The study concludes that Hebrew literary works and writings have played an important role in revealing the Zionist ideology in its various directions.

Keywords: Jewish History, Literary Zionism, Modern Hebrew Literature, National Zionist Thought.

Research Title: Multi-target anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of flavonoids from Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & C. I. Blanche

Author: Wafa Moh'd Khair Hourani, Published Year: 2025

Nat Prod Res ., N/A

Faculty: Pharmacy

Abstract: Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the onset of many diseases, whereas long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs is often associated with harmful side effects. This study examined the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of seven flavonoids isolated from Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & C. I. Blanche: jaceidin (1), kumatakenin (2), 4’-hydroxy-3,5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (3), santin (4), quercetin-3,3’-dimethyl ether (5), viscosine (6), and isokaempferide (7). Compounds 1, 5 and 6 showed potent inhibition of ROS (IC50 in µM: 1.0, 1.7, and 11.4 in whole blood; 7.4, <0.3, and 9.9 in PMNs, respectively). All compounds, except compound 2, reduced NO• production (IC50: 9.1-26.9 µM). Compounds 3, 5 and 6 selectively inhibited COX-1. Most compounds exhibited low toxicity in BJ fibroblasts, whereas compound 5 showed potent and selective cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells. These findings highlight the multi-targeted anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoids, particularly compound 5, as a promising lead for research against inflammation-related diseases, including cancer.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory